Yankho lalifupi
Lankhulani pamalo abata, yang'anani munthuyo, tchulani dzina lake, ndipo lankhulani pang'onopang'ono m'malemba afupiafupi komanso osavuta. Funsani funso limodzi pa nthawi, perekani zisankho ziwiri m'malo mwa mafunso otseguka, ndipo dikirani nthawi yayitali kuposa momwe mumazolowera. Musatsutsane, musakonze zolakwika kapena kumufunsa ngati mayeso. Yankhani ku mmene akumvera kuseri kwa mawu ake, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito kukhudza, zithunzi ndi manja pamene mawu akuchepa.
- Chepetsani phokoso ndipo yang'anani m'maso musanayambe kulankhula.
- Gwiritsani ntchito ziganizo zazifupi, lingaliro limodzi pa nthawi, ndi mayina m'malo mwa iye kapena iwo.
- Perekani chisankho cha zinthu ziwiri, kapena funso loyankha inde kapena ayi, m'malo mwa mafunso otseguka.
- Dikirani yankho. Ngati sanamveke bwino, bwerezani mawu omwewo, kenako yesani mawu ena.
- Musatsutsane kapena kukonza zolakwika. Yankhani ku mmene akumvera kuseri kwa zimene akunena.
- Pamene mawu akuchepa, lankhulani kudzera mu kukhudza, kamvekedwe ka mawu, nkhope ndi zithunzi zogawana.
Pa tsambali (8 magawo)
- Kodi malangizo ofunika kwambiri polankhula ndi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a kuiwala ndi ati?
- Kodi ndiyenera kuyamba bwanji kukambirana?
- Kodi ndiyenera kunena bwanji mawu anga?
- Kodi ndingamvetse bwanji bwino?
- Bwanji ngati anena chinthu chimene si choona?
- Kodi kulankhulana kumasintha bwanji pamene matenda a kuiwala akupita patsogolo?
- Kodi zithunzi ndi zochitika zingapangitse kukambirana kukhala kosavuta?
- Bwanji ngati nditaya mtima?
Matenda a kuiwala angapangitse kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza mawu, kumvetsera chiganizo chachitali, kapena kunyalanyaza phokoso lozungulira. Izi sizikutanthauza kuti munthuyo waleka kufuna kulumikizana ndi ena. Kusintha pang’ono mmene mumakonzekera kukambirana, mmene mumalankhulira ndi mmene mumamvetsera kungathandize kuti kulankhulana kukhale kosavuta komanso kodekha kwa nonsenu.
Kodi malangizo ofunika kwambiri polankhula ndi munthu amene ali ndi matenda a kuiwala ndi ati?
Pezani chidwi chake, sungani zinthu kukhala zosavuta, ndipo khalani oleza mtima. Ngati mukukumbukira zinthu zisanu zokha:
- Chepetsani phokoso ndipo muyang’aneni. Zimitsani TV, khalani pamlingo wa maso ake, ndipo tchulani dzina lake.
- Nenani chinthu chimodzi pa nthawi. Ziganizo zazifupi, lingaliro limodzi, funso limodzi.
- Perekani chisankho cha zinthu ziwiri. “Tiyi kapena khofi?” ndi chosavuta kuposa “Mukufuna chiyani?”
- Dikirani. Perekani nthawi yochuluka kuti ayankhe kuposa momwe mumazolowera, ndipo yesetsani kusamusokoneza.
- Musatsutsane kapena kumufunsa ngati mayeso. Yankhani ku mmene akumvera, osati ngati mfundo zake ndi zolondola.
Kodi ndiyenera kuyamba bwanji kukambirana?
Konzani zinthu kuti munthuyo athe kuyang’ana pa inu. Buku la Family Caregiver Alliance limalimbikitsa kuchepetsa phokoso poyamba: zimitsani wailesi kapena TV, tsekani makatani kapena chitseko, kapena pitani kumalo abata.
- Muyandikireni kutsogolo. Kubwera kumbuyo kapena pambali kungamudabwitse.
- Nenani amene inu ndinu. “Moni Bambo, ndine Sarah, mwana wanu wamkazi.” Izi zimamuthandiza kuti asafunefune dzina lanu.
- Khalani pamlingo wa maso ake. Ngati wakhala pansi, khalani pansi kapena gwadani kuti maso anu akhale pamlingo womwewo.
- Yang’anani nkhope ndi kamvekedwe ka mawu anu. National Institute on Aging (NIA) imalangiza kuti muzisamala kamvekedwe ka mawu, kuchuluka kwa mawu, nkhope ndi kayendedwe ka thupi, ndipo muyesetse kukhala ofunda komanso omveka bwino.
- Onetsetsani kuti magalasi ndi zothandizira kumva zavalidwa. N’kovuta kumvetsera kukambirana kumene simukuona kapena kumva bwino.
Kodi ndiyenera kunena bwanji mawu anga?
Gwiritsani ntchito mawu osavuta, ziganizo zazifupi ndi mawu ofatsa, otsika.
- Lingaliro limodzi pa chiganizo chilichonse. “Tiyeni tivale jekete yanu. Kenako tipita panja.” Osati zonse pa nthawi imodzi.
- Gwiritsani ntchito mayina, osati mawu olowa m’malo. “Azakhali Jean ayimba foni” ndi zomveka bwino kuposa “Iye wayimba foni.”
- Tsitsani mawu, osati kuwakweza. Family Caregiver Alliance imalimbikitsa mawu otsika m’malo mwa mawu okweza.
- Bwerezani, kenako fotokozani mwanjira ina. Ngati sanamvetse, bwerezani mawu omwewo kamodzi. Ngati sizikuthandiza, dikirani pang’ono kenako yesani mawu ena.
- Onetsani komanso nenani. Lozani chikho, onetsani ma sweta awiriwo, kapena sonyezani sitepe yoyamba.
- Lankhulani naye, osati za iye. NIA imachenjeza kuti musalankhule za munthuyo ngati kuti palibe, komanso kupewa kulankhula ngati kwa mwana.
NIA imapereka njira zosavuta zofunsira mafunso wamba. Nazi zitsanzo zofanana ndi zimenezo:
| M’malo mwa | Yesani |
|---|---|
| “Mukufuna kudya chiyani madzulo ano?” | “Mukufuna nsomba kapena nkhuku?” |
| “Mukumva bwanji?” | “Mukumva kutopa?” |
| “Muli ndi njala?” | “Chakudya chamadzulo chikhala chokonzeka mu mphindi zisanu.” |
| “Simumachita choncho.” | “Tiyeni tiyese motere.” |
| “Kodi mukukumbukira ulendo wathu wopita kunyanja?” | “Ndinali kuganizira za ulendo wathu wopita kunyanja. Ndiuzani zimene munakonda.” |
| “Ndakuwuzani kale.” | Yankhani kachiwiri, mofatsa, ngati kuti ndi koyamba. |
Kodi ndingamvetse bwanji bwino?
Mvetserani tanthauzo ndi mmene akumvera, osati mawu okha.
- Dikirani. Nthawi yachete nthawi zambiri imakhala nthawi yoganiza. Werengani pang’onopang’ono mpaka khumi musanalowe m’mawu.
- Mupatseni liwu pokhapokha atatseka. Family Caregiver Alliance imanena kuti ndi bwino kupereka mawu pamene munthu akuvutika.
- Tsimikizirani zimene mwamva. Buku la Alzheimer’s Association pa kulankhulana limalimbikitsa kuyang’ana tanthauzo kuseri kwa mawu awo ndikubwereza kuti mutsimikize ngati mwamvetsa. “Mukuda nkhawa ndi galimoto?”
- Yang’anani nkhope ndi thupi lawo. Pamene mawu akuchepa, NIA imati, nkhope ingasonyeze chisoni, mkwiyo kapena kukhumudwa momveka bwino kuposa mawu.
- Mvetserani nkhawa zawo mozama. Ngakhale nkhawa ikuchokera pa mfundo yolakwika, mmene akumvera ndi kwenikweni.
Bwanji ngati anena chinthu chimene si choona?
Musatsutsane. N’zosatheka kuti mupambane, ndipo munthuyo angamalize kumva manyazi kapena mantha. M’malo mwake, gwirizanani ndi mmene akumvera, kenako musamutseni mofatsa ku nkhani ina.
Family Caregiver Alliance imalimbikitsa kuvomereza mmene akumvera musanamusamutsire ku nkhani ina. Mwachitsanzo, ngati mayi anu akuumirira kuti akufunika kukatenga ana kusukulu:
- M’malo mwa: “Amayi, ana anu anakula. Pakhala zaka makumi anayi.”
- Yesani: “Munali mayi wosamala kwambiri. Ndiuzeni za nthawi imene munkawatenga. Tiyeni tidye kanthu kaye?”
Alzheimer’s Association imalangizanso kuti musatsutsane pa mawu amene simukugwirizana nawo. Sankhani nthawi yoyenera: ngati chikhulupiriro cholakwika sichikuvulaza, chisiieni.
Kodi kulankhulana kumasintha bwanji pamene matenda a kuiwala akupita patsogolo?
Zosowa zimasintha ndi nthawi, choncho sinthani njira yanu. Alzheimer’s Association imafotokoza magawo atatu akuluakulu:
| Gawo | Zimene zingathandize |
|---|---|
| Loyambirira | Musaganize kuti sangathe kulankhulana. Aphatikizeni m’zokambirana, lankhulani nawo mwachindunji, afunseni thandizo limene akufuna, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito nthabwala ngati zingathandize. |
| Lapakati | Kukambirana munthu ndi munthu pamalo abata. Lankhulani pang’onopang’ono, yang’anani m’maso, gwiritsani ntchito mafunso oyankha inde kapena ayi, perekani malangizo pang’onopang’ono, ndipo musawadzudzule kapena kuwakonza. |
| Lomaliza | Muyandikireni kutsogolo ndipo nenani amene inu ndinu. Alimbikitseni kuloza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito manja. Gwiritsani ntchito kukhudza, mawu, zooneka ndi zonunkhira. Musalankhule ngati kuti palibe. |
Munthu aliyense ndi wosiyana, ndipo munthu yemweyo angakhale ndi masiku abwino ndi ovuta. Yankhani ku mmene alili panthawiyo, osati ku dzina la gawo.
Kodi zithunzi ndi zochitika zingapangitse kukambirana kukhala kosavuta?
Inde. Chithunzi chogawana chimachepetsa kukakamizidwa ndipo chimapereka chinachake chimene nonsenu mungayang’ane ndi kuloza.
- Zithunzi zoyambitsa kukambirana. Conversation Cards zimapereka zithunzi zokhala ndi mafunso otseguka omwe samafunsa ngati mayeso.
- Zithunzi za banja. Photo Pairs imasintha zithunzi zimene mwasankha kukhala masewera ofatsa ofananitsa, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa nkhani.
- Mawu odziwika. Finish the Saying imagwiritsa ntchito mawu odziwika, kenako imapereka funso loyambitsa kukambirana.
- Masewera ofananitsa ngati chothandizira. Picture Pairs imapereka chinachake chochita ndi manja anu pamene mukukambirana.
Onani momwe mungasewerere limodzi masewera ndi zochitika zokumbukira zakale kuti mudziwe zambiri. Pa maulendo ndi mafoni, werengani malangizo athu a kuyendera ndi mafoni ndi kuyimbira mavidiyo.
Kwa munthu amene amalankhula zilankhulo zambiri, onani malangizo athu olankhulirana m’zilankhulo zosiyanasiyana.
Bwanji ngati nditaya mtima?
Zimachitikira aliyense. NIA imalimbikitsa kuti mukakhumudwa, mutenge nthawi kuti mukhale bata. Pitani m’chipinda china, pumani pang’onopang’ono kangapo, ndipo bwererani mukakhala okhazikika. Mutha kuyambanso kukambirana nthawi iliyonse, ndipo munthuyo angayankhe bwino ku bata lanu. Ngati kukhumudwa kukuchitika pafupipafupi, chimenecho ndi chizindikiro chakuti mukufunikira thandizo lochulukirapo, osati kuti mukulephera. Malangizo athu pa kudzisamalira kwa osamalira ali ndi malo omwe mungapezeko thandizo.
Mafunso ofala
Kodi muyenera kupewa kunena chiyani kwa munthu amene ali ndi matenda a kuiwala?
Pewani kumufunsa ngati mayeso (“Kodi mukukumbukira...?”), kumukonza (“Izo ndi zolakwika”), kumukumbutsa za zotayika (“Ndakuwuzani kale”) komanso kumulankhula ngati kuti palibe. Pewani kulankhula ngati kwa mwana. Izi zimatha kumuchititsa manyazi kapena kumuvutitsa popanda kuthandiza.
Kodi ndiyenera kumukonza akalakwitsa mfundo zina?
Nthawi zambiri ayi. Ngati cholakwikacho sichikuvulaza, chisiieni. Kutsutsana sikusintha maganizo a munthuyo ndipo nthawi zambiri kumamukhumudwitsa. Yang'anani pa mmene akumvera komanso zimene akufunikira panthawiyo.
Kodi ndichite chiyani akalephera kupeza liwu loyenera?
Poyamba mupatseni nthawi. Ngati akuoneka kuti akuvutika, ndi bwino kumupatsa liwu mofatsa kapena kulingalira zimene akutanthauza kenako kufunsa ngati ndi zoona. Kuloza, kugwiritsa ntchito manja ndi zithunzi kungathandizenso.
Kodi ndingalankhule bwanji ndi munthu amene ali pa gawo lotsiriza la matenda a kuiwala ndipo salankhula kawirikawiri?
Muyandikireni kutsogolo, dzifotokozereni, ndipo gwiritsani ntchito mawu ofatsa ndi kukhudza mofatsa. Yang'anani nkhope ndi kayendedwe ka thupi kuti muone mmene akumvera. Kukhalapo kwanu, nyimbo yodziwika kapena kugwirana manja kungafotokoze zambiri popanda mawu.
Magwero
Timalumikiza ku mabungwe ndi maphunziro omwe tsamba ili likudalira. Chilichonse chinayesedwa tsamba likasinthidwa.
- Communicating With Someone Who Has Alzheimer's Disease · National Institute on Aging
- Communication and Alzheimer's · Alzheimer's Association
- Caregiver's Guide to Understanding Dementia Behaviors · Family Caregiver Alliance