Inyishu ngufi
Vuganira ahantu hatuje, murabane mu maso, mukoreshe izina ryiwe, kandi muvuge buhoro mu majambo magufi kandi yoroshye. Mubaze ikibazo kimwe icarimwe, mutange amahitamwo abiri aho kubaza ikibazo gikwiriye inyishu ndende, kandi murindire kuruta uko mubimenyereye. Ntimuharire, ntimukosore canke ngo mumusuzume. Mwishure ku vyo yumva inyuma y’amajambo avuga, kandi mukoreshe kumukorako, amashusho n’ibimenyetso vy’umubiri uko kuvuga bigenda bigorana.
- Gabanya urusaku kandi murabane mu maso imbere yo gutangura kuvuga.
- Koresha amajambo magufi, iciyumviro kimwe icarimwe, n’amazina aho gukoresha we, bo canke ba.
- Tanga amahitamwo abiri, canke ikibazo cishurwa na ego canke oya, aho kubaza ibibazo vyuguruye.
- Rindira inyishu. Niyaba atumvikanye, subiramwo amajambo amwe, hanyuma ugerageze ayandi.
- Ntuharire canke ngo ukosore. Ishura ku vyo yumva inyuma y’ivyo avuze.
- Uko amajambo agenda aragabanuka, vugana ukoresheje kumukorako, ijwi, isura yo mu maso n’amashusho murabira hamwe.
Kuri uru rupapuro (ibice 8)
- Ni izihe nama zihambaye zo kuvugana n’umuntu abana no kwibagira?
- Nokwitegura gute ikiyago?
- Nokoresha gute amajambo mvuga?
- Noshobora gute kumutega amatwi neza?
- None iyo avuze ikintu kitari ukuri?
- Kuvugana bihinduka gute uko indwara yo kwibagira igenda itera imbere?
- Amashusho n’ibikorwa vyoshobora gutuma ikiyago coroha?
- Bikagenda gute iyo ndakaye?
Indwara yo kwibagira irashobora gutuma umuntu agorwa no kuronka amajambo, gukurikira interuro ndende canke kwirengagiza urusaku rwo hafi. Ivyo ntibisigura ko uwo muntu yahagaritse kwipfuza kugirana isano n’abandi. Guhindura bike mu buryo mwitegura ikiyago, mu buryo muvuga no mu buryo mutega amatwi birashobora gutuma kuvugana vyoroha kandi bigatuza kuri mwempi.
Ni izihe nama zihambaye zo kuvugana n’umuntu abana no kwibagira?
Mutume yumva ko umwitayeho, bigume vyoroshe, kandi mwihangane. Nimba wibuka ibintu bitanu gusa:
- Tujanye ahantu hatuje kandi murabane. Zimya televiziyo, icare ku rugero rw’amaso yiwe, kandi ukoreshe izina ryiwe.
- Vuga ikintu kimwe icarimwe. Amajambo magufi, iciyumviro kimwe, ikibazo kimwe.
- Tanga amahitamwo abiri. « Icayi canke ikawa? » biroroshe kuruta « Wipfuza iki? »
- Rindira. Muhe umwanya munini wo kwishura kuruta uko ubimenyereye, kandi ugerageze kutamuciramwo.
- Ntuharire canke ngo umusuzume. Ishura ku vyo yumva, si ku kuba ivyo avuze ari ukuri canke atari ukwo.
Nokwitegura gute ikiyago?
Tegura ibintu kugira uwo muntu ashobore kukwitaho. Igitabu c’inama ca Family Caregiver Alliance gihanura kubanza kugabanya urusaku: zimya radiyo canke televiziyo, ugare amarido canke umuryango, canke mwimuke muje ahantu hatuje.
- Mwegere uri imbere yiwe. Kumuva inyuma canke ku ruhande birashobora kumutangaza.
- Vuga uwo uri we. « Mwaramutse Dawe, ni jewe Sarah, umukobwa wawe. » Ivyo biramukingira kurondera izina ryawe.
- Manuka ube ku rugero rwiwe. Niyaba yicaye, icara canke upfukame kugira amaso yanyu ahure.
- Itegereze isura yawe n’ijwi ryawe. National Institute on Aging (NIA) ihanura kwitaho ijwi ryawe, ingene urivuga, isura yo mu maso n’ibimenyetso vy’umubiri, kandi ukagerageza kugira ijwi ry’urukundo kandi ritekanye.
- Raba ko yambaye amarori y’amaso n’ivyo kwumvisha. Biragoye gukurikira ikiyago udashobora kubona canke kwumva neza.
Nokoresha gute amajambo mvuga?
Koresha amajambo yoroshye, interuro ngufi n’ijwi rituje kandi ritari hejuru cane.
- Iciyumviro kimwe kuri interuro. « Reka twambare ikoti ryawe. Hanyuma tuje hanze. » Ntubivuge vyose icarimwe.
- Koresha amazina, ntukoreshe insigarizina. « Anti Jean yarahamagaye » biratomoye kuruta « Yarahamagaye. »
- Manura ijwi, nturirishe hejuru. Family Caregiver Alliance ihanura gukoresha ijwi ryo hasi aho kuriduza.
- Subiramwo, hanyuma uhindure amajambo. Niyaba atatahuye, subiramwo amajambo amwe rimwe. Nivyanka, rindira gato hanyuma ugerageze andi majambo.
- Erekana wongere uvuge. Erekana igikombe, uzingure amaswime abiri, canke werekane intambwe ya mbere.
- Muvugishe, ntumuvugireko. NIA iraburira kutavuga ivyo muntu nk’aho atahari, no kudakoresha imvugo nk’iy’abana.
NIA itanga uburyo bworoshe bwo kubaza ibibazo bisanzwe. Ng’ibi ivyavyo mu mpwemu nk’iyo:
| Aho kuvuga | Gerageza kuvuga |
|---|---|
| « Wipfuza iki ku bw’ifunguro rya nimugoroba? » | « Wipfuza ifi canke inkoko? » |
| « Wiyumva gute? » | « Woba wumva uruhutse? » |
| « Woba ushonje? » | « Ifunguro rya nimugoroba riraba ryiteguye mu minota itanu. » |
| « Si uko bikorwa. » | « Reka tubigerageze gutya. » |
| « Woba wibuka urugendo twagize ku kiyaga? » | « Nariko niyumvira urugendo twagize ku kiyaga. Mbwira ivyo wakunze kurwo. » |
| « Nari nabikubwiye. » | Subira umwishure neza, nk’aho ari ubwa mbere. |
Noshobora gute kumutega amatwi neza?
Tega amatwi insiguro n’ivyo yumva, si amajambo gusa.
- Rindira. Guceceka akenshi ni umwanya wo kwiyumvira. Harura buhoro gushika kuri cumi imbere yo kugira ico uvuga.
- Muhe ijambo gusa iyo ananiwe. Family Caregiver Alliance ivuga ko ata kibazo kiri mu gutanga ijambo iyo umuntu agorwa.
- Suzuma ivyo wumvise. Inyobora ya Alzheimer’s Association ku bijanye no kuvugana ihanura kurondera insiguro iri inyuma y’amajambo yiwe no kuyasubiramwo kugira ngo umenye ko watahuye. « Uriko uhangayikishwa n’umuduga? »
- Itegereze mu maso no ku mubiri wiwe. Uko kuvuga bigenda bigorana, NIA ivuga ko isura yo mu maso ishobora kwerekana umubabaro, ishavu canke ukwihagarika umutima kuruta amajambo.
- Fata ivyimuhangayikisha nk’ibihambaye. Naho ivyomuhagarika umutima vyoba bishingiye ku kintu kitari co, ivyo yumva ni ukuri.
None iyo avuze ikintu kitari ukuri?
Ntuharire. Biragoye ko utsinda, kandi uwo muntu yoshobora kwumva isoni canke ubwoba. Ahubwo, huza na we ku vyo yumva, hanyuma umuyobore buhoro mu bindi.
Family Caregiver Alliance ihanura kwemera ivyo yumva imbere yo kumuyobora ahandi. Nk’akarorero, nimba mawe ashimangiye ko akeneye gutora abana kw’ishure:
- Aho kuvuga: « Mawe, abana bawe barakuze. Ivyo vyabaye imyaka mirongo ine iheze. »
- Gerageza kuvuga: « Wamye uri umuvyeyi w’inkunzi cane. Mbwira ingene wabatwara. Twobanza gufata akantu ko kurya? »
Alzheimer’s Association na yo ihanura kutaharira ku vyo atemera. Hitamwo igihe kibereye: nimba iciyumviro kitari co ata ngaruka gifise, kireke.
Kuvugana bihinduka gute uko indwara yo kwibagira igenda itera imbere?
Ivyo umuntu akeneye birahinduka uko igihe kigenda, rero hindura uburyo ukoresha. Alzheimer’s Association idondora ivyiciro bitatu rusangi:
| Igihe | Ivyo bifasha |
|---|---|
| Mu ntango | Ntiwiyumvire ko adashobora kuvugana. Mumushiremwo mu biyago, muvugishe atarimwo abandi, mubaze infashanyo yipfuza, kandi mukoreshe agatwengo iyo bibafasha. |
| Hagati | Ibiyago vy’umuntu umwe n’uwundi ahantu hatuje. Muvuge buhoro, murabane mu maso, mukoreshe ibibazo vyishurwa na ego canke oya, mutange amabwirizwa intambwe ku yindi, kandi ntimunegure canke ngo mukosore. |
| Mu mpera | Mwegere uri imbere yiwe kandi muvuge uwo uri we. Mushigikire kwerekana n’urutoke no gukoresha ibimenyetso vy’umubiri. Mukoreshe kumukorako, amajwi, ivyo babona n’impumuro. Ntukigere uvuga nk’aho atahari. |
Umuntu wese aratandukanye, kandi umuntu umwe arashobora kugira imisi myiza n’imisi igoye. Ishura ku kuntu ameze ubu nyene, si ku izina ry’urwego arimwo.
Amashusho n’ibikorwa vyoshobora gutuma ikiyago coroha?
Egome. Ishusho murabira hamwe iragabanya igitutu kandi ikabaha mwempi ikintu co kurabako no kwerekana.
- Amashusho atanguza ikiyago. Conversation Cards atanga amashusho n’ibibazo vyuguruye bitigera bimusuzuma.
- Amafoto y’umuryango. Photo Pairs ahindura amafoto wahisemwo umukino woroheje wo guhuza, akenshi bikavyura inkuru.
- Imvugo zizwi. Finish the Saying ikoresha imvugo zizwi muri Amerika, igakurikirwa n’ikibazo gituma muvugana.
- Imikino yo guhuza nk’igikorwa co gukora. Picture Pairs itanga ico amaboko akora mu gihe muriko muraganira.
Raba ingene mwokina hamwe n’ibikorwa vyo kwibuka kugira uronke vyinshi. Ku bijanye no kugendera umuntu canke guhamagara, soma inyobora zacu ku kugendera umuntu no ku guhamagara kuri terefone canke kuri videwo.
Ku muntu avugana indimi nyinshi, raba inyobora yacu ku kuvugana mu ndimi zitandukanye.
Bikagenda gute iyo ndakaye?
Birashikira umuntu wese. NIA ihanura ko, iyo urakaye, ufata akanya ko gutuza. Ja mu kindi cumba, uhūmeka buhoro incuro nkeyi, hanyuma ugaruke iyo ushoboye. Urashobora kwama utangura ikiyago bushasha, kandi uwo muntu ashobora kwishura neza ku mutima wawe utuje. Nimba ukuraka bihindutse ikintu cama kibaho, ico ni ikimenyetso cerekana ko ukeneye infashanyo nyinshi, si ko unanirwa. Inyobora yacu ku kwiyitaho kw’abitaho abandi irerekana aho woronka ubufasha.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Ni ibiki utokwiye kubwira umuntu abana no kwibagira?
Irinde kumusuzuma (« Woba wibuka...? »), kumukosora (« Ivyo si vyo »), kumwibutsa ivyo yatakaje (« Nari nabikubwiye ») no kuvuga ivyiwe nk’aho atahari. Irinde kuvuga nk’uwuvugisha umwana. Ivyo akenshi bitera isoni canke umubabaro ata co bifasha.
Noba nkwiye kumukosora iyo yavuze ikintu kitari co?
Akenshi si ngombwa. Nimba ikintu kitari co atavuze ata ngaruka gifise, bikireke. Guharira gake cane bihindura iciyumviro c’uwo muntu kandi akenshi biramubabaza. Shira umutima ku vyo yumva no ku vyo akeneye ubu.
Nokora iki iyo adashobora kuronka ijambo?
Banza umuhe umwanya. Nimba ubona ko bigoye cane, birashoboka kumufasha buhoro mu kumuha ijambo canke kwiyumvira ico ashaka kuvuga ukamubaza nimba ari co. Kwerekana n’urutoke, ibimenyetso vy’umubiri n’amashusho na vyo birashobora gufasha.
Novugana gute n’umuntu ari mu rwego ruheruka rwo kwibagira, adakunda kuvuga?
Mwegere uri imbere yiwe, muvuge izina ryawe, kandi ukoreshe ijwi rituje n’ukubakorako buhoro. Itegereze mu maso no ku mubiri wiwe kugira ngo utahure ivyo yumva. Kuba uhari, indirimbo azi neza canke kumufata mu kuboko birashobora kuvuga vyinshi ata majambo.
Amasoko y'amakuru
Dushiraho imirongo ijana ku mashirahamwe be n'ivyigwa uru rupapuro rwisunga. Buri kimwe cose caragenzuwe igihe uru rupapuro rwavugururwa.
- Communicating With Someone Who Has Alzheimer's Disease · National Institute on Aging
- Communication and Alzheimer's · Alzheimer's Association
- Caregiver's Guide to Understanding Dementia Behaviors · Family Caregiver Alliance