Mhinduro pfupi
Taurai panzvimbo yakanyarara, tarisanai nemunhu wacho, shandisai zita rake, uye taurayi zvishoma nezvishoma nemitsara mipfupi iri nyore. Bvunzai mubvunzo mumwe panguva, ipai sarudzo mbiri pane mibvunzo yakavhurika, uye mirirai kwenguva yakareba kupfuura yamunofunga. Musapikisane, musagadzirise, kana kuedza kumuongorora. Pindurai manzwiro ari seri kwemashoko, uye shandisai kubata, mifananidzo nezviratidzo zvemaoko kana kutaura kwava kuoma.
- Deredzai ruzha uye tarisanai maziso musati matanga kutaura.
- Shandisai mitsara mipfupi, pfungwa imwe panguva, nemazita panzvimbo pa“iye” kana “ivo”.
- Ipai sarudzo mbiri, kana mubvunzo unoda “hongu” kana “kwete”, pane mibvunzo yakavhurika.
- Mirirai mhinduro. Kana vasinganzwisisike, dzokororai mashoko mamwe chete, mozopedzisira maedza mamwe.
- Musapikisane kana kugadzirisa. Pindurai manzwiro ari seri kwezvavanotaura.
- Kana mashoko ava kushomeka, tauriranai kuburikidza nekubata, inzwi, chitarisiko chechiso nemifananidzo yamunogovana.
Pamapeji iyi (8 zvikamu)
- Ndeapi mazano anonyanya kukosha ekutaura nemunhu anorarama nechirwere chekurasikirwa nendangariro?
- Ndingatanga sei hurukuro?
- Ndinofanira kutaura sei?
- Ndingateerera sei zvakanaka?
- Ko kana vakataura chinhu chisiri chechokwadi?
- Kutaurirana kunochinja sei chirwere chekurasikirwa nendangariro pachinofambira mberi?
- Mifananidzo nezviitwa zvinogona kuita kuti hurukuro ive nyore here?
- Ko kana ndikapererwa nemwoyo murefu?
Chirwere chekurasikirwa nendangariro chinogona kuita kuti zviome kuwana mashoko, kunzwisisa mutsara murefu, kana kufuratira ruzha rwakapoteredza. Izvi hazvirevi kuti munhu wacho haasisiri kuda kubatana nevamwe. Kuchinja kudiki mumagadzirirwo amunoita hurukuro, matauriro amunoita uye mateerero amunoita kunogona kuita kuti kutaura kuve nyore uye kwakadzikama kwamuri mese.
Ndeapi mazano anonyanya kukosha ekutaura nemunhu anorarama nechirwere chekurasikirwa nendangariro?
Kwezvai ngwariro yavo, taurai zviri nyore, uye ivai nemwoyo murefu. Kana mukarangarira zvinhu zvishanu chete:
- Nyaradzai nzvimbo uye tarisanai naye. Dzimai TV, garai pamwero wemaziso ake, uye shandisai zita rake.
- Taurai chinhu chimwe panguva. Mitsara mipfupi, pfungwa imwe, mubvunzo mumwe.
- Ipai sarudzo mbiri. “Tii kana kofi?” zviri nyore kupfuura “Munoda chii?”
- Mirirai. Ipai nguva yakawanda yekupindura kupfuura yamunofunga, uye edzai kusamudimburira.
- Musapikisane kana kumuongorora. Pindurai manzwiro ake, kwete kuti chokwadi chakarurama here.
Ndingatanga sei hurukuro?
Gadzirai zvinhu kuitira kuti munhu wacho akwanise kutarisa kwamuri. Gwaro reFamily Caregiver Alliance rinokurudzira kutanga nekuderedza ruzha: dzimai redhiyo kana TV, vharai maketeni kana gonhi, kana kuenda kune imwe nzvimbo yakanyarara.
- Swederai pamberi pake. Kuuya kubva kumashure kana parutivi kunogona kumuvhundutsa.
- Taurai kuti ndimi ani. “Mhoro Baba, ndini Sarah, mwanasikana wenyu.” Izvi zvinomubatsira kuti asatsvage zita renyu.
- Dererai kusvika pamwero wake. Kana akagara, garai kana kupfugama kuitira kuti maziso enyu aenzane.
- Tarisisai chitarisiko chenyu nenzwi renyu. National Institute on Aging (NIA) inopa zano rekucherechedza inzwi renyu, simba remanzwi, chitarisiko chechiso nemutauro wemuviri, uye kuedza kuva neunyoro uye kutaura kwakajairika.
- Iva nechokwadi kuti magirazi ekunzwa nemidziyo yekubatsira kunzwa zviripo. Zvakaoma kutevera hurukuro yausingakwanisi kuona kana kunzwa zvakanaka.
Ndinofanira kutaura sei?
Shandisai mashoko ari nyore, mitsara mipfupi uye inzwi rakadzikama, rakaderera.
- Pfungwa imwe pamutsara. “Ngatipfekei bhachi renyu. Tozobuda panze.” Kwete zvese kamwe chete.
- Shandisai mazita, kwete zvivakashure. “Tete Jean vafona” zviri pachena kupfuura “Iye afona.”
- Dzikisai inzwi, kwete kurikwidza. Family Caregiver Alliance inokurudzira inzwi rakaderera pane rakakwidziridzwa.
- Dzokororai, mozotsanangura neimwe nzira. Kana vasina kunzwisisa, dzokororai mashoko mamwe chete kamwe. Kana zvisina kubatsira, mirirai kwekanguva moedza mamwe mashoko.
- Ratidzai pamwe nekutsanangura. Nongedzerai kapu, simudzai masweta maviri, kana kuratidza danho rekutanga.
- Taurai naye, kwete nezvake. NIA inoyambira nezvekutaura nezvemunhu sokunge asipo, uye nezve kutaura semwana mudiki.
NIA inokurudzira nzira dziri nyore dzemibvunzo yakajairika. Heino mienzaniso:
| Pane kuti | Edzai kuti |
|---|---|
| “Munoda kudyei manheru?” | “Munoda hove kana huku?” |
| “Muri kunzwa sei?” | “Muri kunzwa kuneta here?” |
| “Mune nzara here?” | “Kudya kwemanheru kuchagadzirira mumaminitsi mashanu.” |
| “Hazviitwe saizvozvo.” | “Ngatiedzei nenzira iyi.” |
| “Munoyeuka rwendo rwedu kugungwa here?” | “Ndanga ndichifunga nezverwendo rwedu kugungwa. Ndiudzei zvamaifarira nezvarwo.” |
| “Ndakakuudza kare.” | Pindurai zvakare, zvinyoro, sokunge kekutanga. |
Ndingateerera sei zvakanaka?
Teererai zvinoreva mashoko uye manzwiro, kwete mashoko chete.
- Mirirai. Kunyarara kazhinji inguva yekufunga. Verengai zvishoma nezvishoma kusvika pagumi musati mapindira.
- Ipai izwi chete kana vanyatsokakama. Family Caregiver Alliance inoti zvakanaka kupa mazwi kana munhu ari kunetseka.
- Tarisisai zvamanzwa. Gwaro reAlzheimer’s Association rekutaurirana rinokurudzira kutsvaga zvinoreva mashoko avo uye kudzokorora kuti muone kana manzwisisa. “Muri kunetseka nemota here?”
- Tarisisai chiso nemuviri wavo. Kana kutaura kwava kuoma, NIA inocherechedza kuti chitarisiko chechiso chinogona kuratidza kusuwa, kutsamwa kana kushungurudzika zvakajeka kupfuura mashoko.
- Torerai zvinovanetsa seseri. Kunyange kana kunetseka kwakavakirwa pachokwadi chisiri icho, manzwiro acho ndeechokwadi.
Ko kana vakataura chinhu chisiri chechokwadi?
Musapikisane. Hazviwanzo kubatsira, uye munhu wacho anogona kupedzisira ava kunyara kana kutya. Pane kudaro, batiranai nemanzwiro acho, mozofamba zvinyoro mberi.
Family Caregiver Alliance inokurudzira kubvuma manzwiro acho musati maendesa pfungwa kune chimwe chinhu. Semuenzaniso, kana amai venyu vachisimbirira kuti vanofanira kunotora vana kuchikoro:
- Pane kuti: “Amai, vana venyu vakura. Izvozvo zvaiva makore makumi mana apfuura.”
- Edzai kuti: “Maigara muri amai vane rudo. Ndiudzei nezvekuvanotora. Tingadye here chinhu chidiki kutanga?”
Alzheimer’s Association inopawo zano rekusapikisana nezvirevo zvamusingabvumirani nazvo. Sarudzai nguva: kana kutenda kusiri kwechokwadi kusina kukuvadza, kuregei.
Kutaurirana kunochinja sei chirwere chekurasikirwa nendangariro pachinofambira mberi?
Zvinodiwa zvinoshanduka nekufamba kwenguva, saka gadzirisai matauriro enyu. Alzheimer’s Association inotsanangura matanho matatu akafara:
| Danho | Zvinobatsira |
|---|---|
| Rekutanga | Musafunga kuti havagoni kutaurirana. Vasanganisirei muhurukuro, taurirai navo zvakananga, bvunzai rubatsiro rwavanoda, uye shandisai kuseka kana zvichibatsira. |
| Repakati | Hurukuro dzemunhu mumwe chete panzvimbo yakanyarara. Taurai zvishoma nezvishoma, chengetai kutarisana maziso, shandisai mibvunzo inoda “hongu” kana “kwete”, ipai mirayiridzo nhanho nenhanho, uye musashora kana kugadzirisa. |
| Rekupedzisira | Swederai pamberi pavo uye taurai kuti ndimi ani. Vakurudzirei kunongedzera nezviratidzo zvemaoko. Shandisai kubata, manzwi, zvinoonekwa uye zvinonhuhwirira. Musambotaura sokunge vasipo. |
Munhu wese akasiyana, uye munhu mumwe chete anogona kuva nemazuva akanaka neakaoma. Pindurai mamiriro avakaita izvozvi, kwete zita redanho.
Mifananidzo nezviitwa zvinogona kuita kuti hurukuro ive nyore here?
Hongu. Mufananidzo wamunogovana unobvisa kumanikidzwa uye unopa imi mese chinhu chekutarisa nekunongedzera.
- Mifananidzo inokurudzira hurukuro. Conversation Cards inopa mifananidzo ine mibvunzo yakavhurika isingamboongorori.
- Mifananidzo yemhuri. Photo Pairs inoshandura mifananidzo yamunosarudza kuita mutambo wakapfava wekufananidza, izvo zvinowanzomutsa nyaya.
- Tsumo dzinozivikanwa. Finish the Saying inoshandisa tsumo dzinozivikanwa, dzichiteverwa nemubvunzo wekukurukura.
- Mitambo yekufananidza sehwaro hwehurukuro. Picture Pairs inopa maoko enyu chinhu chekuita muchikurukura.
Onai matambiro amungaite pamwe chete uye zviitwa zvekukurudzira ndangariro kuti muwane zvimwe. Nezvekushanya nekufona, verengai gwara redu rekushanya nerenhare nekufona kwevhidhiyo.
Kune munhu anotaura mitauro inopfuura mumwe, onai gwaro redu rekutaurirana mumitauro yakasiyana.
Ko kana ndikapererwa nemwoyo murefu?
Zvinoitika kumunhu wese. NIA inoti kana mukashungurudzika, torai nguva yekudzikama. Endai kune imwe kamuri, torai mweya zvishoma nezvishoma, mozodzoka kana magadzikana. Munogona kutangazve hurukuro, uye munhu wacho anogona kupindura zvakanaka kumamiriro enyu akadzikama. Kana kushungurudzika kwava nguva dzose, chiratidzo chekuti munoda rumwe rubatsiro, kwete kuti muri kukundikana. Gwaro redu rekuzvichengetedza kwemuchengeti rine nzvimbo dzamungawana rubatsiro.
Mibvunzo inowanzobvunzwa
Ndezvipi zvandisingafaniri kutaura kumunhu anorarama nechirwere chekurasikirwa nendangariro?
Dzivisai kumuongorora (“Unoyeuka here...?”), kumugadzirisa (“Hazvina kunaka”), kumuyeuchidza nezvezvaakarasikirwa nazvo (“Ndakakuudza kare”) uye kutaura nezvake sokunge asipo. Dzivisai kutaura semwana mudiki. Izvi zvinowanzoita kuti anzwe kunyara kana kushungurudzika pasina kubatsira.
Ndinofanira kumugadzirisa here paanokanganisa chokwadi?
Kazhinji kwete. Kana chokwadi chakakanganiswa chisina kukuvadza, chiregei. Kupikisana hakuwanzochinji pfungwa dzemunhu uye kazhinji kunomugumbura. Tarisisai manzwiro ake nezvaanoda panguva iyoyo.
Ndinoitei kana akatadza kuwana izwi?
Mutangei nokumupa nguva. Kana zvichioneka kuti ari kunetseka, zvakanaka kumubatsira zvinyoro nezwi kana kufungidzira zvaanoreva mozobvunza. Kunongedzera, zviratidzo zvemaoko nemifananidzo zvinogonawo kubatsira.
Ndingataura sei nemunhu ari padanho rekupedzisira rechirwere chekurasikirwa nendangariro asingawanzo taura?
Swederai pamberi pake, taurai kuti ndimi ani, uye shandisai inzwi rakadzikama nekubata zvinyoro. Cherechedzai zviso nemutauro wemuviri kuti munzwisise manzwiro. Kuvapo kwenyu, rwiyo rwaanoziva kana kubata maoko zvinogona kutaura zvakawanda pasina mashoko.
Masosi
Tinobatanidza kumasangano nezvidzidzo zvinoenderana nepeji iyi. Imwe neimwe yakaongororwa paakagadziridzwa peji.
- Communicating With Someone Who Has Alzheimer's Disease · National Institute on Aging
- Communication and Alzheimer's · Alzheimer's Association
- Caregiver's Guide to Understanding Dementia Behaviors · Family Caregiver Alliance