Impendulo emfushane
Khulumani endaweni ethuleyo, khangelanani laye, sebenzisani ibizo lakhe, njalo khulumani kancane ngemisho emifitshane lelula. Buzani umbuzo owodwa ngesikhathi, nikani okukhethwayo okubili esikhundleni semibuzo evulekileyo, njalo lindani isikhathi eside kulalokho okujwayelekileyo. Lingaphikisani, linga Lungisi kumbe ukuhlola. Phendulani imizwa engemuva kwamazwi, njalo sebenzisani ukuthinta, izithombe lezimpawu zomzimba nxa amazwi esiba nzima.
- Susa umsindo ongemuva njalo uthole ukukhangelana emehlweni ungakaqali ukukhuluma.
- Sebenzisa imisho emifitshane, umqondo owodwa ngesikhathi, lamabizo esikhundleni sokuthi yena, bona kumbe labo.
- Nika okukhethwayo okubili, kumbe umbuzo ka-yebo kumbe ka-hatshi, esikhundleni semibuzo evulekileyo.
- Lindela impendulo. Nxa engazwisiswanga, phinda amazwi afanayo, besewuzama amanye.
- Ungaphikisani kumbe ukuqondisa. Phendula imizwa engemuva kwalokho akutshoyo.
- Nxa amazwi esiya encipha, khulumani ngokuthinta, iphimbo, ubuso lezithombe elizikhangela ndawonye.
Kulelikhasi (8 izigaba)
- Yiwaphi amacebo aqakatheke kakhulu nxa ukhuluma lomuntu ophila lesifo sokukhohlwa?
- Kufanele ngiyiqalise njani ingxoxo?
- Kufanele ngiwabeke njani amazwi ami?
- Ngilalela njani kuhle?
- Kuthiwani nxa betsho into engayisiyo iqiniso?
- Ukukhulumisana kutshintsha njani nxa isifo sokukhohlwa siqhubeka?
- Izithombe lemisebenzi kungenza ingxoxo ibe lula yini?
- Kuthiwani nxa sengiphelelwa yisineke?
Isifo sokukhohlwa singenza kube nzima ukuthola amazwi, ukulandela umusho omude, kumbe ukuvimba umsindo ongemuva. Lokhu akutsho ukuthi umuntu useyekile ukufuna ukusondelana labanye. Utshintsho oluncane endleleni olungisa ngayo ingxoxo, indlela okhuluma ngayo lendlela olalela ngayo lungenza ukukhuluma kube lula njalo kube lokuthula kini lobabili.
Yiwaphi amacebo aqakatheke kakhulu nxa ukhuluma lomuntu ophila lesifo sokukhohlwa?
Thola ukunakekela kwabo, gcina izinto zilula, njalo ube lesineke. Nxa ukhumbula izinto ezinhlanu kuphela:
- Thulisa indlu njalo ukhangelane labo. Cima i-TV, hlala ulingane lamehlo abo, njalo usebenzise ibizo labo.
- Tsho into eyodwa ngesikhathi. Imisho emifitshane, umqondo owodwa, umbuzo owodwa.
- Nika okukhethwayo okubili. “Itiye kumbe ikhofi?” kulula kulokuthi “Ufuna ukunathani?”
- Linda. Nika isikhathi eside sempendulo kulalokho okujwayelekileyo, njalo zama ukungaphazamisi.
- Ungaphikisani kumbe ukuhlola. Phendula indlela abazizwa ngayo, hatshi ukuthi amaqiniso aqondile yini.
Kufanele ngiyiqalise njani ingxoxo?
Lungisa izinto ukuze umuntu akwazi ukugxila kuwe. Umkhombandlela we-Family Caregiver Alliance uncoma ukuthi uqale ngokunciphisa umsindo: cima umsakazo kumbe i-TV, vale amakhethini kumbe umnyango, kumbe uye endaweni ethuleyo.
- Sondela uvela phambili. Ukuvela ngemva kumbe eceleni kungabamangalisa.
- Tsho ukuthi ungubani. “Sawubona Baba, nginguSarah, indodakazi yakho.” Lokhu kuyabasiza bangadingi ukudinga ibizo lakho.
- Yehlisa izinga lakho libe ngelabo. Nxa behlezi, hlala kumbe guqa ukuze amehlo enu alingane.
- Nanzelela ubuso bakho lephimbo lakho. I-National Institute on Aging (NIA) iyeluleka ukuthi unake iphimbo lakho, ukuphakama kwalo, ubuso bakho lomzimba wakho, njalo uzame ukuba lomoya ofudumeleyo loqondileyo.
- Qiniseka ukuthi izibuko lamehlo lezinsiza zokuzwa zikhona. Kunzima ukulandela ingxoxo ongeke uyibone kumbe uyizwe kuhle.
Kufanele ngiwabeke njani amazwi ami?
Sebenzisa amazwi alula, imisho emifitshane lephimbo elizothileyo, eliphansi.
- Umqondo owodwa ngomusho munye. “Asigqokeni ibhatshi lakho. Besesiphuma phandle.” Hatshi kokubili ngesikhathi sinye.
- Sebenzisa amabizo, hatshi izabizwana. “U-Anti Jean ufonele” kucacile kulokuthi “Ufonele.”
- Yehlisa iphimbo, ungaphakamisi. I-Family Caregiver Alliance iphakamisa iphimbo eliphansi kulalelo eliphakemeyo.
- Phinda, besewubeka ngamanye amazwi. Nxa bengazwisisanga, phinda amazwi afanayo kanye. Nxa lokho kungasebenzi, linda isikhatshana besewuzama amanye amazwi.
- Tshengisa njalo utsho. Khomba inkomitsho, phakamisa amajezi amabili, kumbe utshengise isinyathelo sokuqala.
- Khuluma labo, hatshi ngabo. I-NIA iyaxwayisa ngokukhuluma ngomuntu kungathi kakho lapho, langokukhuluma njengokungathi ukhuluma lomntwana.
I-NIA iphakamisa izindlela ezilula zemibuzo ejwayelekileyo. Nanzi izibonelo ezilandelayo:
| Esikhundleni salokhu | Zama lokhu |
|---|---|
| “Ufuna ukudlani kusihlwa?” | “Ufuna inhlanzi kumbe inkukhu?” |
| “Uzizwa njani?” | “Uzizwa ukhathele yini?” |
| “Ulambile yini?” | “Ukudla kwakusihlwa kuzalunga ngemizuzu emihlanu.” |
| “Akwenziwa njalo lokho.” | “Asizameni ngale indlela.” |
| “Uyakhumbula uhambo lwethu echibini?” | “Bengicabanga ngohambo lwethu echibini. Ngitshela ukuthi wawuthandani ngalo.” |
| “Sengikutshelile.” | Phendula njalo, ngomusa, kungathi okokuqala. |
Ngilalela njani kuhle?
Lalela okutshiwo yikuhlanganisa lemizwa, hatshi amazwi wodwa.
- Linda. Ukuthula kuvame ukuba yisikhathi sokucabanga. Bala kancane ufike etshumini ungakangeni.
- Nika igama kuphela nxa bebhajwe. I-Family Caregiver Alliance ithi kulungile ukuphakamisa amazwi nxa umuntu esokola.
- Qiniseka ukuthi uzwile kuhle yini. Umkhombandlela we-Alzheimer’s Association ngokukhulumisana uphakamisa ukuthi udinge okutshiwo ngamazwi abo njalo ukuphinde ukubeke ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi uzwisisile. “Ukhathazekile ngemota?”
- Khangela ubuso lomzimba wabo. Nxa ukukhuluma kuba nzima, i-NIA ithi, ubuso bungatshengisa ukudabuka, ulaka kumbe ukukhathazeka ngokucacileyo kulamazwi.
- Thatha okukukhathazayo ngokuzimisela. Lanxa ukukhathazeka kusekelwe eqinisweni elingalunganga, imizwa iqotho.
Kuthiwani nxa betsho into engayisiyo iqiniso?
Ungaphikisani. Akulula ukuthi uphumelele, njalo umuntu angacina eselenhloni kumbe esesaba. Esikhundleni salokho, xhumana lemizwa, beseliqhubeka kancane.
I-Family Caregiver Alliance iphakamisa ukuthi uvume imizwa ngaphambi kokuba uqondise ingxoxo kwenye into. Ngokwesibonelo, nxa umama wakho ephikelela ukuthi kumele ayelanda abantwana esikolo:
- Esikhundleni sokuthi: “Mama, abantwana bakho sebebadala. Lokho kwenzakala eminyakeni engamatshumi amane edluleyo.”
- Zama: “Wawuhlala ungumama olothando kakhulu. Ngitshela ngokubalanda. Singadla okuncane kuqala?”
I-Alzheimer’s Association iphinde yeluleke ukuthi ungaphikisani ngezinto ongavumelani lazo. Khetha izikhathi: nxa inkolelo engalunganga ingalimazi muntu, iyekele.
Ukukhulumisana kutshintsha njani nxa isifo sokukhohlwa siqhubeka?
Izidingo ziyantshintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ngakho lungisa indlela yakho. I-Alzheimer’s Association ichaza izigaba ezintathu ezibanzi:
| Isigaba | Okungasiza |
|---|---|
| Ekuqaleni | Ungacabangi ukuthi abasenelisi ukukhuluma. Bafake ezingxoxweni, khuluma labo ngqo, buza ukuthi bafuna luphi usizo, njalo usebenzise ukuhlekisa nxa kusiza. |
| Phakathi | Ingxoxo yabantu ababili endaweni ethuleyo. Khuluma kancane, gcina ukukhangelana emehlweni, sebenzisa imibuzo ka-yebo kumbe ka-hatshi, nika imilayezo ngesinyathelo ngesinyathelo, njalo unga bagxeki kumbe ubaqondise. |
| Ekucineni | Sondela uvela phambili njalo utsho ukuthi ungubani. Khuthaza ukukhomba lezimpawu zomzimba. Sebenzisa ukuthinta, imisindo, okubukwayo lamaphunga. Ungakhulumi loba sekutheni kungathi kabekho. |
Umuntu munye lamunye wehlukile, njalo umuntu ofanayo angaba lamalanga amahle lamalanga anzima. Phendula ngendlela abanjalo ngayo khathesi, hatshi ibizo lesigaba.
Izithombe lemisebenzi kungenza ingxoxo ibe lula yini?
Yebo. Isithombe elisikhangelwa ndawonye sisusa ingcindezi njalo sinike lina lobabili okokukhangela lokukhomba.
- Izikhuthazo zezithombe. Conversation Cards zinika izithombe lemibuzo evulekileyo engahloli muntu.
- Izithombe zemuli. Photo Pairs iguqula izithombe ozikhethayo zibe ngumdlalo omnene wokumatanisa, ovame ukuvusa izindaba.
- Izitsho ezijwayelekileyo. Finish the Saying isebenzisa izitsho ezaziwa kakhulu, zilandelwe yisikhuthazo sengxoxo.
- Imidlalo yokumatanisa njengesisekelo. Picture Pairs inika izandla zakho okokwenza ngesikhathi lixoxa.
Bona indlela yokudlala imidlalo ndawonye kanye lemisebenzi yokukhumbula ukuze uthole okunengi. Mayelana lokuvakatshela lokufona, bala imikhombandlela yethu ngokuvakatshela kanye lokufona ngefoni kumbe ngevidiyo.
Nxa umuntu ekhuluma izilimi ezinengi, bona umkhombandlela wethu wokukhulumisana ngezilimi ezehlukeneyo.
Kuthiwani nxa sengiphelelwa yisineke?
Kuyenzakala kuwo wonke umuntu. I-NIA iphakamisa ukuthi nxa usukhungathekile, thatha isikhatshana sokuzola. Ngena kwelinye igumbi, phefumula kancane izikhathi ezinlutshwana, ubuye nxa usuzwe uzolile. Ungaqalisa ingxoxo futhi, njalo umuntu angaphendula kuhle emoyeni wakho ozolileyo. Nxa ukukhungatheka sekusiba yinto ehlala ikhona, lokho kuyisibonakaliso sokuthi udinga ukwesekwa okunengi, hatshi ukuthi uyehluleka. Umkhombandlela wethu wokuzinakekela komnakekeli uleendawo ongaya kuzo.
Imibuzo evamile
Kuyini okungamelanga ukutshiwo kumuntu ophila lesifo sokukhohlwa?
Gwema ukuhlola (“Uyakhumbula...?”), ukuqondisa (“Lokho akulunganga”), ukubakhumbuza ngokulahlekelwa (“Sengikutshelile”) lokukhuluma ngabo kungathi kabekho. Gwema ukukhuluma njengokungathi ukhuluma lomntwana. Lokhu kuvame ukubenza babe lenhloni kumbe bakhathazeke kungabancedi.
Kufanele ngibaqondise yini nxa bephambanisa amaqiniso?
Kuvame ukuba kungadingeki. Nxa iqiniso elingalunganga lingalimazi muntu, liyekele. Ukuphikisana akuvamanga ukuntshintsha umqondo womuntu njalo kuvame ukubenza bakhathazeke. Gxila endleleni abazizwa ngayo lalokho abakudingayo khathesi.
Kufanele ngenzeni nxa bengalitholi ibizo kumbe igama?
Baphe isikhathi kuqala. Nxa kubonakala ukuthi bayasokola, kulungile ukubasiza kancane ngelizo kumbe ukuqagela abakutshoyo besebebuza ukuthi kuqondile yini. Ukukhomba, izimpawu zomzimba lezithombe kunganceda lalo.
Ngikhuluma njani lomuntu osesigabeni sokucina sesifo sokukhohlwa ongakhulumi kakhulu?
Sondela uvela phambili, tsho ukuthi ungubani, njalo usebenzise iphimbo elizothileyo lokuthinta okumnene. Khangela ubuso lomzimba wabo ukuze ubone imizwa. Ukuba khona kwakho, ingoma abajayele ukuyizwa kumbe ukubamba izandla kungakhuluma okunengi kungelamazwi.
Imithombo
Sixhumanisa nezinhlangano nezifundo okuthembele kuzo lolu khasi. Ngayinye yahlolwa lapho kubuyekezwa ikhasi.
- Communicating With Someone Who Has Alzheimer's Disease · National Institute on Aging
- Communication and Alzheimer's · Alzheimer's Association
- Caregiver's Guide to Understanding Dementia Behaviors · Family Caregiver Alliance