Te whakautu poto
Kōrerotia ki tētahi wāhi mārie, anga atu ki te tangata, whakamahia tōna ingoa, ā, kōrerotia mārire mā ngā rerenga poto, māmā. Pātaihia kia kotahi te pātai i te wā, tukua kia rua ngā kōwhiringa, kaua ngā pātai tuwhera, ā, tatari kia roa ake i tāu e whakaaro ai. Kaua e tautohe, e whakatika, e whakamātau rānei. Whakautua te kare ā-roto kei muri i ā rātou kupu, ā, whakamahia te pā, ngā whakaahua me ngā tohu ā-ringa ina uaua haere te kōrero.
- Whakaitihia te haruru, ā, me titiro kanohi ki te kanohi i mua i te tīmatanga o te kōrero.
- Whakamahia ngā rerenga poto, kia kotahi te whakaaro i te wā, me ngā ingoa, kaua ko ia, rātou rānei.
- Tukuna kia rua ngā kōwhiringa, pātai āe/kāo rānei, kaua ngā pātai tuwhera.
- Tātaria he whakautu. Ki te kore e mārama, tōaitia ngā kupu ōrite, kātahi ka whakamātau i ētahi kupu kē.
- Kaua e tautohe, e whakatika rānei. Whakautua te kare ā-roto kei muri i ā rātou kōrero.
- Ka memeha haere ngā kupu, kōrerotia mā te pā, te reo, te āhua o te kanohi me ngā whakaahua tahi.
I tēnei whārangi (8 wāhanga)
- He aha ngā tohutohu matua mō te kōrero ki te tangata e noho ana me te mate wareware?
- Me pēhea taku tīmata i te kōrero?
- Me pēhea taku whakatakoto i āku kōrero?
- Me pēhea taku whakarongo pai?
- Me aha mēnā ka kōrero rātou i tētahi mea ehara i te mea pono?
- Ka pēhea te rerekē o te kōrero i te haere whakamua o te mate wareware?
- Ka āwhina ngā whakaahua me ngā ngohe ki te whakangāwari i te kōrero?
- Me aha mēnā ka pau taku manawanui?
Mā te mate wareware ka uaua te kimi kupu, te whai i te rerenga roa, te aukati rānei i te haruru o te taiao. Ehara tēnei i te tohu kua kore te tangata e hiahia ki te hono atu. Mā ētahi panonitanga iti ki te whakarite kōrero, ki te āhua o tō kōrero, me te āhua o tō whakarongo, ka māmā ake, ka mārie ake te kōrero mā kōrua tahi.
He aha ngā tohutohu matua mō te kōrero ki te tangata e noho ana me te mate wareware?
Me whai i tō rātou aro, kia māmā te kōrero, ā, kia manawanui. Mēnā ka maumahara koe ki ēnei mea e rima anake:
- Whakamārietia te rūma, ā, anga atu ki a rātou. Whakawetohia te pouaka whakaata, noho ki te taumata ōrite o ngā kanohi, ā, whakamahia tōna ingoa.
- Kia kotahi te mea i te wā. Ngā rerenga poto, kotahi te whakaaro, kotahi te pātai.
- Tukuna kia rua ngā kōwhiringa. He māmā ake te “Tī, kawhe rānei?” i te “He aha tāu e hiahia ai?”
- Tātari. Hoatu he wā roa ake mō te whakautu i tāu e whakaaro ai, ā, kaua e haukoti.
- Kaua rawa e tautohe, e whakamātau rānei. Whakautua ō rātou kare ā-roto, kaua te tika, te hē rānei o ngā kōrero.
Me pēhea taku tīmata i te kōrero?
Whakaritea kia āhei te tangata ki te aro mai ki a koe. E taunaki ana te aratohu a Family Caregiver Alliance kia whakaitihia te haruru i te tuatahi: whakawetohia te reo irirangi, te pouaka whakaata rānei, katia ngā ārai, te tatau rānei, neke rānei ki tētahi wāhi mārie ake.
- Whakatata mai i mua. Mā te haere mai i muri, i te taha rānei, ka ohorere pea te tangata.
- Kōrerohia ko wai koe. “Kia ora Pāpā, ko Sarah ahau, tō tamāhine.” Mā tēnei ka kore ia e kimi i tō ingoa.
- Heke ki tō rātou taumata. Mēnā e noho ana rātou, noho, tūturi rānei kia ōrite te taumata o ō kanohi.
- Tirohia tō āhua kanohi me tō reo. E tohutohu ana te National Institute on Aging (NIA) kia mōhio koe ki tō reo, tō kaha kōrero, tō āhua kanohi me tō reo tinana, ā, kia mahana, kia māmā hoki te āhua.
- Me mātua whakarite kei te mau ngā mōhiti me ngā taputapu whakarongo. He uaua te whai i te kōrero mēnā kāore e tino kitea, e tino rangona rānei.
Me pēhea taku whakatakoto i āku kōrero?
Whakamahia ngā kupu māmā, ngā rerenga poto, me te reo mārie, reo hōhonu.
- Kotahi te whakaaro i ia rerenga. “Me whakamau tō koti. Kātahi ka haere tāua ki waho.” Kaua e kōrerotia ngā mea e rua i te wā kotahi.
- Whakamahia ngā ingoa, kaua ngā kupu mono. He mārama ake te “I waea mai a Whaea Jean” i te “I waea mai ia.”
- Whakahōhonutia te reo, kaua e whakakaha. E kī ana te Family Caregiver Alliance kia hōhonu ake te reo, kaua e kaha ake.
- Tōaitia, kātahi ka kōrero anō ki ētahi kupu kē. Ki te kore rātou i mārama, tōaitia ngā kupu ōrite kotahi anō te wā. Ki te kore tonu e pai, tatari mō tētahi wā poto, kātahi ka whakamātau i ētahi kupu rerekē.
- Whakaaturia, kaua ko te kōrero anake. Tohua te kapu, whakaaturia ngā hūtu e rua, whakaaturia rānei te mahi tuatahi.
- Kōrero ki a rātou, kaua mō rātou. E whakatūpato ana te NIA kia kaua e kōrero mō te tangata me te mea kāore ia i reira, kia kaua hoki e kōrero pēnei i te kōrero ki te tamaiti.
E kī ana te NIA kia māmā ake te whakatakoto i ngā pātai noa. Anei ētahi tauira pēnei i taua whakaaro:
| Kaua tēnei | Whakamātauria tēnei |
|---|---|
| “He aha tāu e hiahia ai mō te kai o te pō?” | “He ika, he heihei rānei tāu e hiahia ai?” |
| “Kei te pēhea koe?” | “Kei te ngenge koe?” |
| “Kei te hiakai koe?” | “Ka rite te kai o te pō ā te rima meneti.” |
| “Ehara tērā i te āhua tika.” | “Me whakamātau pēnei.” |
| “Kei te maumahara koe ki tā tāua haerenga ki te roto?” | “I whakaaro ahau ki tā tāua haerenga ki te roto. Kōrerohia mai ngā mea i pai ki a koe.” |
| “Kua kōrero kē au ki a koe.” | Whakautua anō, mā te atawhai, me te mea ko te wā tuatahi tēnei. |
Me pēhea taku whakarongo pai?
Whakarongo ki te tikanga me te kare ā-roto, kaua ko ngā kupu anake.
- Tātari. He wā whakaaro te wahangū. Tatauria mārire ki te tekau i mua i te kōrero atu.
- Tukuna he kupu mēnā kua raru noa rātou. E kī ana te Family Caregiver Alliance kei te pai te āta tuku kupu ina uaua te tangata.
- Tirohia tāu i rongo ai. E kī ana te aratohu kōrero a Alzheimer’s Association kia rapua te tikanga kei muri i ā rātou kupu, ā, kia whakahokia anō hei tirotiro mēnā i mārama koe. “Kei te māharahara koe mō te motukā?”
- Tirohia ō rātou kanohi me te tinana. Ka uaua haere te kōrero, e ai ki te NIA, ka kitea pea te pouri, te riri, te pōkeka rānei i te āhua o te kanohi, nui ake i ngā kupu.
- Whakaarohia ā rātou āwangawanga. Ahakoa kei te hē te pūtake o te māharahara, he pono tonu te kare ā-roto.
Me aha mēnā ka kōrero rātou i tētahi mea ehara i te mea pono?
Kaua e tautohe. Kāore e tino rerekē tō rātou whakaaro, ā, ka mutu pea ka whakama, ka mataku rānei te tangata. Engari, honoa ki te kare ā-roto, kātahi ka āta neke ki tētahi atu kaupapa.
E kī ana te Family Caregiver Alliance kia whakaaetia te kare ā-roto i mua i te āta huri i te kaupapa. Hei tauira, mēnā e tohe ana tō whaea me haere ia ki te tiki i ngā tamariki i te kura:
- Kaua tēnei: “E Mā, kua pakeke ō tamariki. Nō te whā tekau tau ki mua tērā.”
- Whakamātauria tēnei: “He whaea atawhai koe i ngā wā katoa. Kōrerohia mai te tiki i a rātou. Me kai paramanawa tāua i te tuatahi?”
E tohutohu ana hoki te Alzheimer’s Association kia kaua e tautohe mō ngā kōrero kāore koe e whakaae ana. Kōwhiria te wā tika: mēnā he mea iti noa te whakaaro hē, waiho noa.
Ka pēhea te rerekē o te kōrero i te haere whakamua o te mate wareware?
Ka rerekē ngā hiahia i roto i te wā, nō reira me urutau tō āhua. E whakaahua ana te Alzheimer’s Association i ētahi wāhanga whānui e toru:
| Wāhanga | Ngā mea e āwhina ana |
|---|---|
| Tōmua | Kaua e whakaaro kāore e taea e rātou te kōrero. Whakaurua rātou ki ngā kōrero, kōrero hāngai ki a rātou, pātaihia he aha te tautoko e hiahia ana rātou, ā, whakamahia te whakakata mēnā ka āwhina. |
| Waenga | Ngā kōrero takitahi ki tētahi wāhi mārie. Kōrerotia mārire, titiro kanohi ki te kanohi, whakamahia ngā pātai āe/kāo, hoatu ngā tohutohu ā-taahiraa, ā, kaua e whakahē, e whakatika rānei. |
| Tōmuri | Whakatata mai i mua, ā, kōrerohia ko wai koe. Ākina te tohu me ngā tohu ā-ringa. Whakamahia te pā, ngā oro, ngā mea e kitea ana, me ngā kakara. Kaua rawa e kōrero me te mea kāore rātou i reira. |
He rerekē ia tangata, ā, he rerekē pea ngā rā pai me ngā rā uaua mō te tangata kotahi. Whakautua ki tō rātou āhua i tēnei wā tonu, kaua ki tētahi tapanga.
Ka āwhina ngā whakaahua me ngā ngohe ki te whakangāwari i te kōrero?
Āe. Mā te whakaahua tahi ka iti ake te taumaha, ā, ka whai mea kōrua hei titiro, hei tohu.
- Ngā whakaahua hei tīmatanga kōrero. He whakaahua me ngā pātai tuwhera kei Conversation Cards kāore e whakamātau i te tangata.
- Ngā whakaahua whānau. Ka huri a Photo Pairs i ngā whakaahua ka kōwhiria e koe hei kēmu hono māmā, ā, he rite tonu ka puta mai ngā kōrero.
- Ngā kīanga e mōhiotia ana. Ka whakamahi a Finish the Saying i ngā kīanga e mōhiotia whānuitia ana, whai muri ko tētahi akiaki kōrero.
- Ngā kēmu hono hei horopaki. Mā Picture Pairs ka whai mahi ō ringa i a kōrua e kōrero ana.
Tirohia me pēhea te tākaro tahi me ngā ngohe whakamahara mō ētahi atu kōrero. Mō ngā toronga me ngā waeatanga, pānuihia ā mātou aratohu mō ngā toronga me ngā waea me ngā waea ataata.
Mō te tangata e kōrero ana i ētahi reo maha, tirohia tā mātou aratohu mō te kōrero i waenga i ngā reo.
Me aha mēnā ka pau taku manawanui?
Ka pā tēnei ki te katoa. E kī ana te NIA mēnā ka riri koe, me whai wā ki te whakatau i a koe anō. Haere ki tētahi atu rūma, whakangāwari tō manawa, ā, hoki mai ina tau anō koe. Ka taea tonu e koe te tīmata anō i te kōrero, ā, he rite tonu ka pai ake te urupare a te tangata ki tō āhua mārie. Mēnā ka noho tonu te riri, he tohu tērā me nui ake te tautoko māu, ehara i te mea kua hē koe. Kei tā mātou aratohu mō te tiaki i a koe anō hei kaitiaki ētahi wāhi hei āwhina.
Ngā pātai auau
He aha ngā mea kaua e kōrerotia ki te tangata e noho ana me te mate wareware?
Kaua e whakamātau ("Kei te maumahara koe...?"), kaua e whakatika ("E hē ana tērā"), kaua e whakamahara ki ngā mate ("Kua kōrero kē au ki a koe"), kaua hoki e kōrero mōna me te mea kāore ia i reira. Kaua e kōrero pēnei i te kōrero ki te tamaiti. Ko ēnei āhuatanga ka whakama, ka pōuri rānei te tangata, ā, kāore e āwhina.
Me whakatika ahau ina hē ā rātou kōrero mō ētahi mea?
Ko te nuinga o te wā, kaua. Mēnā he mea iti noa te hē, waiho noa. Kāore e tino rerekē te whakaaro o te tangata i te tautohe, ā, he rite tonu ka pōuri ia. Arotahi ki ō rātou kare ā-roto me ā rātou hiahia i tēnei wā.
Me aha ahau ina kore e kitea e rātou te kupu tika?
Hoatu he wā ki a rātou i te tuatahi. Ki te tino uaua, kei te pai te āta tuku kupu, te whakaaro rānei he aha tā rātou e mea ana, kātahi ka pātai mēnā e tika ana. Ka āwhina hoki te tohu, ngā tohu ā-ringa me ngā whakaahua.
Me pēhea taku kōrero ki te tangata kei te wāhanga tōmuri o te mate wareware, ā, kāore e tino kōrero?
Whakatata mai i mua, kōrerohia ko wai koe, ā, whakamahia he reo mārie me te pā mārire. Tirohia ngā kanohi me te reo o te tinana mō ō rātou kare ā-roto. Mā tō noho tahi, mā tētahi waiata e mōhiotia ana, mā te pupuri ringa rānei, ka nui te kōrero ahakoa kāore he kupu.
Ngā puna kōrero
Ka hono atu mātou ki ngā rōpū me ngā rangahau e whirinaki nei tēnei whārangi. I tirohia anō ia mea i te whakahoutanga o te whārangi.
- Communicating With Someone Who Has Alzheimer's Disease · National Institute on Aging
- Communication and Alzheimer's · Alzheimer's Association
- Caregiver's Guide to Understanding Dementia Behaviors · Family Caregiver Alliance