Igisubizo mu ncamake
Ganirize ahantu hatuje, murebane mu maso, mumuhamagare mu izina rye, kandi muvuge buhoro mu nteruro ngufi kandi zoroshye. Mubaze ikibazo kimwe icyarimwe, mutange amahitamo abiri aho kubaza ibibazo bifunguye, kandi mutegereze igihe kirekire kurusha uko byaba bisanzwe. Ntimugashyikirane impaka, ntimukosore cyangwa ngo musake ibibazo byo kumugerageza. Mwitabire ibyiyumvo biri inyuma y'amagambo avuga, kandi mukoreshe gukoraho, amafoto n'ibimenyetso by'intoki mu gihe kuvuga biba bigoye.
- Mugabanye urusaku kandi murebane mu maso mbere yo gutangira kuganira.
- Mukoreshe interuro ngufi, igitekerezo kimwe icyarimwe, n'amazina aho gukoresha we, bo cyangwa byo.
- Mutange amahitamo abiri, cyangwa ikibazo gisubizwa ngo yego cyangwa oya, aho kubaza ibibazo bifunguye.
- Mutegereze igisubizo. Niba adasobanutse, musubiremo amagambo amwe, hanyuma mugerageze andi.
- Ntimugashyikirane impaka cyangwa ngo mukosore. Mwitabire ibyiyumvo biri inyuma y'ibyo avuga.
- Mu gihe amagambo agenda agabanuka, muvugane binyuze mu gukoraho, ijwi, isura yo mu maso n'amafoto musangira.
Kuri iyi paji (ibice 8)
- Ni izihe nama z’ingenzi zo kuganira n’umuntu ubana n’indwara yo kwibagirwa?
- Nakwiye gutangira nte ikiganiro?
- Nakwiye kuvuga nte ibyo nshaka kuvuga?
- Natega amatwi neza nte?
- Byagenda bite navuze ikintu kitari ukuri?
- Itumanaho rihinduka rite uko indwara yo kwibagirwa igenda ikura?
- Ese amafoto n’imikino bishobora koroshya ikiganiro?
- Byagenda bite ndamutse mbuze ukwihangana?
Indwara yo kwibagirwa ishobora gutuma kubona amagambo, gukurikira interuro ndende, cyangwa kutumva urusaku rwo hafi bigorana. Ibyo ntibivuze ko umuntu atagishaka kugirana umushyikirano n’abandi. Impinduka nto mu buryo mwitegura ikiganiro, uko muvuga n’uko mutega amatwi zishobora gutuma kuganira byoroha kandi bigatuza kuri mwembi.
Ni izihe nama z’ingenzi zo kuganira n’umuntu ubana n’indwara yo kwibagirwa?
Mushake kumwitaho, mubigire byoroshye, kandi mwihangane. Niba mwibuka ibintu bitanu gusa:
- Mucecekeshe aho muri kandi mumurebe. Muzimye televiziyo, mwicare ku rwego rumwe n’amaso ye, kandi mumuhamagare mu izina rye.
- Muvuge ikintu kimwe icyarimwe. Interuro ngufi, igitekerezo kimwe, ikibazo kimwe.
- Mutange amahitamo abiri. « Icyayi cyangwa ikawa? » biroroshye kurusha « Ni iki wifuza? »
- Mutegereze. Mutange umwanya munini wo gusubiza kurusha uko byaba bisanzwe, kandi mwirinde kumuca mu ijambo.
- Ntimugashyikirane impaka cyangwa ngo musake ibibazo byo kumugerageza. Mwitabire uko yiyumva, atari ukuri kw’amakuru.
Nakwiye gutangira nte ikiganiro?
Mwitegure ku buryo umuntu ashobora kwibanda kuri mwe. Inyobora ya Family Caregiver Alliance isaba kubanza kugabanya urusaku: muzimye radiyo cyangwa televiziyo, mufunge amadirishya cyangwa urugi, cyangwa mujye ahantu hatuje kurushaho.
- Mumwegere muri imbere. Kumuturuka inyuma cyangwa ku ruhande bishobora kumutangaza.
- Muvuge uwo muri we. « Muraho Papa, ni njye Sarah, umukobwa wawe. » Ibi bimukiza gushakisha izina ryanyu.
- Mumanuke muge ku rwego rwe. Niba yicaye, mwicare cyangwa mupfukame kugira ngo amaso yanyu ahure.
- Mwite ku isura yanyu n’ijwi ryanyu. National Institute on Aging (NIA) itanga inama yo kwitondera ijwi, ubunini bwaryo, isura yo mu maso n’imyitwarire y’umubiri, no kugerageza kugaragaza ubugwaneza n’ubutuje.
- Murebe ko indorerwamo n’ibikoresho byo kumva byambaye. Biragoye gukurikira ikiganiro umuntu adashobora kubona neza cyangwa kumva neza.
Nakwiye kuvuga nte ibyo nshaka kuvuga?
Mukoreshe amagambo yoroshye, interuro ngufi n’ijwi rituje, rito.
- Igitekerezo kimwe muri buri nteruro. « Reka twambare ikoti ryawe. Hanyuma tujye hanze. » Aho kubivuga byose icyarimwe.
- Mukoreshe amazina, aho gukoresha amazina ngenga. « Nyirasenge Jean yarahamagaye » birasobanutse kurusha « Yarahamagaye. »
- Mumanure ijwi, ntimurizamure. Family Caregiver Alliance isaba gukoresha ijwi rito aho gukoresha ijwi riranguruye.
- Musubiremo, hanyuma muvuge mu bundi buryo. Niba atabyumvise, musubiremo amagambo amwe rimwe. Niba bitagize icyo bihindura, mutegereze gato hanyuma mugerageze andi magambo.
- Mwerekane kandi muvuge. Mwerekane igikombe, muzamure amakoti abiri, cyangwa mwerekane intambwe ya mbere.
- Muganire na we, ntimuganire ibimwerekeye. NIA ibuza kuvuga ibireba umuntu nk’aho adahari, no kuvuga nk’aho ari umwana.
NIA itanga ingero z’uburyo bwo koroshya ibibazo bisanzwe. Dore ingero zijyanye na byo:
| Aho kuvuga | Mugerageze kuvuga |
|---|---|
| « Ni iki wifuza kurya nimugoroba? » | « Urashaka amafi cyangwa inkoko? » |
| « Wiyumva ute? » | « Wumva urushye? » |
| « Urashonje? » | « Ifunguro rya nimugoroba rizaba ryiteguye mu minota itanu. » |
| « Si uko bigenda. » | « Reka tubigerageze muri ubu buryo. » |
| « Uribuka urugendo twagize ku kiyaga? » | « Natekereje ku rugendo twagize ku kiyaga. Mbwira icyo wakunze cyane. » |
| « Nabikubwiye. » | Musubize kandi, mu bugwaneza, nk’aho ari ubwa mbere. |
Natega amatwi neza nte?
Mutegere amatwi igisobanuro n’ibyiyumvo, atari amagambo gusa.
- Mutegereze. Guceceka akenshi ni igihe cyo gutekereza. Mubare buhoro mu mutima kugeza kuri cumi mbere yo kugira icyo muvuga.
- Mutange ijambo gusa niba yamaze kugorwa. Family Caregiver Alliance ivuga ko nta kibazo kiri mu gutanga amagambo igihe umuntu abigorwa.
- Mugenzure icyo mwumvise. Inyobora ya Alzheimer’s Association ku itumanaho isaba gushaka igisobanuro kiri inyuma y’amagambo ye no kukimusubiriramo kugira ngo mumenye niba mwabyumvise neza. « Uhangayikishijwe n’imodoka? »
- Mwitegereze isura ye n’umubiri we. Mu gihe kuvuga bigenda bigorana, NIA ivuga ko isura yo mu maso ishobora kugaragaza agahinda, uburakari cyangwa kwiheba kurusha amagambo.
- Mufate impungenge ze nk’ikintu cy’ingenzi. Nubwo impungenge zaba zishingiye ku makuru atari yo, ibyiyumvo bye ni ukuri.
Byagenda bite navuze ikintu kitari ukuri?
Ntimugashyikirane impaka. Ntibishoboka ko muzatsinda, kandi umuntu ashobora kurangiza yumva afite ikimwaro cyangwa ubwoba. Ahubwo, mwiyunge n’ibyiyumvo bye, hanyuma mumuyobore buhoro mu kindi.
Family Caregiver Alliance isaba kubanza kwemera ibyiyumvo bye mbere yo kumuhindurira icyerekezo. Urugero, niba mama wawe ahangayitse avuga ko agomba kujya gutora abana ku ishuri:
- Aho kuvuga: « Mama, abana bawe barakuze. Hashize imyaka mirongo ine. »
- Mugerageze kuvuga: « Wahoze uri umubyeyi witangira abana cyane. Mbwira uko wabatoraga. Reka tubanze turye utuntu duto? »
Alzheimer’s Association na yo itanga inama yo kudashyikirana impaka ku byo mudahujeho. Muhitemo igihe kibikwiriye: niba imyizerere itari yo idateza ikibazo, muyireke.
Itumanaho rihinduka rite uko indwara yo kwibagirwa igenda ikura?
Ibyo umuntu akeneye bigenda bihinduka uko igihe gihita, bityo muhindure uburyo mubigenzamo. Alzheimer’s Association isobanura ibyiciro bitatu rusange:
| Icyiciro | Ibyafasha |
|---|---|
| Icyiciro cya mbere | Ntimutekereze ko adashobora kuvugana. Mumushyire mu biganiro, mumuganirize mu buryo butaziguye, mumubaze ubufasha yifuza, kandi mukoreshe urwenya niba rubafasha. |
| Icyiciro cyo hagati | Ibiganiro byo muri babiri ahantu hatuje. Muvuge buhoro, murebane mu maso, mubaze ibibazo bisubizwa ngo yego cyangwa oya, mutange amabwiriza intambwe ku yindi, kandi ntimunegure cyangwa ngo mukosore. |
| Icyiciro cya nyuma | Mumwegere muri imbere kandi muvuge uwo muri we. Mumushishikarize kwerekana ibintu no gukoresha ibimenyetso by’intoki. Mukoreshe gukoraho, amajwi, ibyo abona n’impumuro. Ntimukavuge na rimwe nk’aho adahari. |
Buri muntu aratandukanye, kandi umuntu umwe ashobora kugira iminsi myiza n’iminsi igoye. Mwitabire uko ameze muri ako kanya, atari uko icyiciro cye cyitwa.
Ese amafoto n’imikino bishobora koroshya ikiganiro?
Yego. Ifoto musangiye igabanya igitutu kandi ibaha mwembi ikintu mwitegereza mukanakerekana.
- Ibibutsa binyuze mu mafoto. Conversation Cards zitanga amafoto hamwe n’ibibazo bifunguye bitagerageza umuntu.
- Amafoto y’umuryango. Photo Pairs ihindura amafoto mwahisemo umukino woroshye wo guhuza, bikunze gutuma havuka inkuru n’ibyo mwibuka.
- Imvugo zimenyerewe. Finish the Saying ikoresha imvugo zizwi muri Amerika, hanyuma igakurikirwa n’ikibazo gituma muganira.
- Imikino yo guhuza nk’urufatiro rwo kuganira. Picture Pairs iha amaboko yanyu icyo akora mu gihe muganira.
Reba uko mwakinira hamwe imikino n’ibikorwa byo kwibuka kugira ngo mubone ibindi. Ku bijyanye no gusura no guhamagara, soma inyobora zacu ku gusura no ku masimu n’amashusho.
Ku muntu uvuga indimi nyinshi, reba inyobora yacu ku itumanaho mu ndimi zitandukanye.
Byagenda bite ndamutse mbuze ukwihangana?
Bibaho kuri buri wese. NIA itanga inama yo gufata umwanya wo gutuza igihe mwumva mubabaye. Mujye mu kindi cyumba, muhumeke buhoro inshuro nke, hanyuma mugaruke igihe mushobora. Mushobora kongera gutangira ikiganiro, kandi birashoboka ko umuntu azitabira uko mutuje. Niba kubura ukwihangana bihora bibaho, ni ikimenyetso cyerekana ko mukeneye ubufasha burenzeho, si ikimenyetso cyerekana ko munaniwe. Inyobora yacu ku kwiyitaho kw’abafasha abandi igaragaza aho mwabona ubufasha.
Ibibazo bikunze kubazwa
Ni iki mutagomba kubwira umuntu ubana n'indwara yo kwibagirwa?
Mwirinde kumugerageza mubaza ngo (« Urabyibuka...? »), kumukosora (« Ibyo si byo »), kumwibutsa ibyatakaye (« Nabikubwiye ») no kuvuga ibimwerekeye nk'aho adahari. Mwirinde kuvuga nk'aho ari umwana. Ibi akenshi bitera ikimwaro cyangwa kubabara nta cyo bifasha.
Ese nkwiye kumukosora igihe yibeshye ku makuru?
Akenshi si ngombwa. Niba ikintu yibeshyeho kidateza ikibazo, kireke. Impaka ntizikunze guhindura uko umuntu abitekereza, kandi akenshi zituma ababazwa. Mushingire ku kuntu yiyumva n'icyo akeneye muri ako kanya.
Nakora iki igihe adashobora kubona ijambo rikwiriye?
Mubanze mumuhe umwanya. Niba bigaragara ko abigorwa, nta kibazo kiri mu kumufasha buhoro mutanga ijambo cyangwa mukagerageza kumenya icyo ashaka kuvuga hanyuma mukabimubaza. Kwerekana ibintu, ibimenyetso by'intoki n'amafoto na byo bishobora gufasha.
Navugana nte n'umuntu uri mu cyiciro cya nyuma cy'indwara yo kwibagirwa uvuga gake cyane?
Mumwegere muri imbere, muvuge uwo muri we, kandi mukoreshe ijwi rituje no kumukoraho mu bugwaneza. Mwitegereze isura ye n'imyitwarire y'umubiri kugira ngo mumenye uko yiyumva. Kuba muhari, indirimbo amenyereye cyangwa kumufata ukuboko bishobora kuvuga byinshi nubwo nta magambo avuzwe.
Aho amakuru akomoka
Dushyiraho imiyoboro igana ku miryango n'ubushakashatsi iyi paji yifashishije. Buri kimwe cyasuzumwe igihe paji yavugururwaga.
- Communicating With Someone Who Has Alzheimer's Disease · National Institute on Aging
- Communication and Alzheimer's · Alzheimer's Association
- Caregiver's Guide to Understanding Dementia Behaviors · Family Caregiver Alliance