Impendulo emfutshane
Thethani kwindawo ezolileyo, jonganani nomntu, sebenzisani igama lakhe, kwaye thethani kancinci ngezivakalisi ezimfutshane nezilula. Buza umbuzo omnye ngexesha, nikeza ukhetho olubini endaweni yemibuzo evulekileyo, kwaye linda ixesha elide kunokuba uqhele. Musa ukuphikisana, ukulungisa okanye ukuvavanya. Phendula imvakalelo esemva kwamazwi, kwaye usebenzise ukubamba, imifanekiso nezenzo zomzimba njengoko ukuthetha kusiba nzima.
- Nciphisa ingxolo engasemva kwaye ujonge emehlweni phambi kokuba uqale ukuthetha.
- Sebenzisa izivakalisi ezimfutshane, ingcamango enye ngexesha, namagama endaweni yo-uye, yena okanye bona.
- Nikeza ukhetho olubini, okanye umbuzo ophendulwa ngo-ewe okanye hayi, endaweni yemibuzo evulekileyo.
- Linda impendulo. Ukuba akaqondwa, phinda amazwi afanayo, emva koko uzame amanye.
- Musa ukuphikisana okanye ukulungisa. Phendula imvakalelo esemva koko akuthethayo.
- Njengoko amazwi esiba mbalwa, nxibelelana ngokubamba, ithoni, inkangeleko yobuso nemifanekiso eniyijonga kunye.
Kweli phepha (amacandelo ayi-8)
- Zeziphi iingcebiso ezibaluleke kakhulu xa uthetha nomntu ophila nesifo sokulibala?
- Kufuneka ndiqale njani incoko?
- Ndifanele ndithethe njani?
- Ndingammamela njani kakuhle?
- Kuthekani ukuba uthetha into engeyonyani?
- Unxibelelwano lutshintsha njani njengoko isifo sokulibala siqhubela phambili?
- Ngaba imifanekiso nemisebenzi inokwenza incoko ibe lula?
- Kuthekani ukuba ndiphelelwa ngumonde?
Isifo sokulibala sinokwenza kube nzima ukufumana amagama, ukulandela isivakalisi eside, okanye ukungahoywa yingxolo engasemva. Oko akuthethi ukuba umntu uyekile ukufuna ukunxibelelana. Utshintsho oluncinci kwindlela olungiselela ngayo incoko, indlela othetha ngayo nendlela omamela ngayo lunokwenza ukuthetha kube lula kwaye kuzoze ngakumbi kuni nobabini.
Zeziphi iingcebiso ezibaluleke kakhulu xa uthetha nomntu ophila nesifo sokulibala?
Fumana ingqalelo yakhe, yenza izinto zibe lula, kwaye ube nomonde. Ukuba ukhumbula izinto ezintlanu kuphela:
- Yenza igumbi lizole uze ujonge kuye. Cima umabonakude, hlala kumgangatho wamehlo akhe, kwaye usebenzise igama lakhe.
- Thetha into enye ngexesha. Izivakalisi ezimfutshane, ingcamango enye, umbuzo omnye.
- Nikeza ukhetho olubini. “Iti okanye ikofu?” kulula kuno “Ungathanda ntoni?”
- Linda. Nika ixesha elingaphezulu lokuphendula kunokuba uqhele, kwaye uzame ukungamngeni phakathi.
- Ungaze uphikise okanye uvavanye. Phendula indlela aziva ngayo, hayi ukuba iinkcukacha zichanile na.
Kufuneka ndiqale njani incoko?
Lungiselela izinto ukuze umntu akwazi ukugxila kuwe. Isikhokelo se-Family Caregiver Alliance sicebisa ukuba uqale ngokunciphisa ingxolo: cima unomathotholo okanye umabonakude, utsale iikhethini okanye uvale ucango, okanye uye kwindawo ezolileyo.
- Sondela ngapha ngaphambili. Ukuza ngasemva okanye ecaleni kunokumothusa.
- Zitsho ukuba ungubani. “Molo Tata, ndinguSarah, intombi yakho.” Oku kumgcina ekubeni angakhangeli igama lakho.
- Yehlela kumgangatho wakhe. Ukuba uhleli, hlala okanye guqa ukuze amehlo enu alingane.
- Qaphela ubuso bakho nethoni yelizwi lakho. I-National Institute on Aging (NIA) icebisa ukuba uqaphele ithoni yakho, isandi selizwi, inkangeleko yobuso nolwimi lomzimba, kwaye uzame ukuba nobubele nongxamanga.
- Qinisekisa ukuba iiglasi namehlo nezixhobo zokuva zikhona. Kunzima ukulandela incoko ongayiboni okanye ongayiva kakuhle.
Ndifanele ndithethe njani?
Sebenzisa amagama alula, izivakalisi ezimfutshane nelizwi elizolileyo neliphantsi.
- Ingcamango enye kwisivakalisi ngasinye. “Masinxibe ibhatyi yakho. Emva koko siza kuphuma.” Hayi zombini ngaxeshanye.
- Sebenzisa amagama, hayi izimelabizo. “UMakazi uJean ufowunele” kucacile kuno “Ufowunele.”
- Thetha ngezwi eliphantsi, hayi eliphezulu. I-Family Caregiver Alliance icebisa ilizwi eliphantsi kunelikhwazayo.
- Phinda, emva koko utshintshe amagama. Ukuba akaqondanga, phinda amazwi afanayo kube kanye. Ukuba oko akusebenzi, linda umzuzwana uze uzame amanye amagama.
- Bonisa uze uchaze. Khomba ikomityi, phakamisa iijezi ezimbini, okanye ubonise inyathelo lokuqala.
- Thetha naye, hayi ngaye. I-NIA ilumkisa ngokuthetha ngomntu ngokungathi akakho, nangokuthetha naye njengomntwana.
I-NIA icebisa iinguqulelo ezilula zemibuzo eqhelekileyo. Nantsi imizekelo ngaloo ndlela:
| Endaweni yoku | Zama oku |
|---|---|
| “Ufuna ntoni ngesidlo sangokuhlwa?” | “Ufuna intlanzi okanye inkukhu?” |
| “Uziva njani?” | “Uziva udiniwe?” |
| “Ulambile?” | “Isidlo sangokuhlwa siza kulunga kwimizuzu emihlanu.” |
| “Ayenziwa njalo loo nto.” | “Masizame ngale ndlela.” |
| “Uyakhumbula uhambo lwethu lwasechibini?” | “Bendicinga ngohambo lwethu lwasechibini. Ndixelele into owawuyithanda ngalo.” |
| “Sele ndikuxelele.” | Phendula kwakhona, ngobubele, ngokungathi okokuqala. |
Ndingammamela njani kakuhle?
Mamela intsingiselo nemvakalelo, hayi amazwi kuphela.
- Linda. Ukuthula kudla ngokuba lixesha lokucinga. Bala kancinci ukuya kwishumi phambi kokuba ungenelele.
- Mnike igama kuphela xa ebambekile. I-Family Caregiver Alliance ithi kulungile ukuphakamisa amagama xa umntu esokola.
- Qinisekisa oko ukuvileyo. Isikhokelo se-Alzheimer’s Association ngonxibelelwano sicebisa ukuba ukhangele intsingiselo esemva kwamazwi akhe uze uyiphinde ukuze uqinisekise ukuba uqondile. “Uxhalabele imoto?”
- Qaphela ubuso bakhe nomzimba wakhe. Njengoko ukuthetha kusiba nzima, i-NIA iyaphawula, inkangeleko yobuso isenokubonisa usizi, umsindo okanye ukukhathazeka ngokucacileyo kunamazwi.
- Thatha iinkxalabo zakhe nzulu. Nokuba inkxalabo isekelwe kwinkcukacha engachananga, imvakalelo yokwenyani.
Kuthekani ukuba uthetha into engeyonyani?
Musa ukuphikisana. Akunakulindeleka ukuba uphumelele, kwaye loo mntu usenokuziva eneentloni okanye esoyika. Endaweni yoko, qhagamshelana nemvakalelo, emva koko ugqithe ngobunono.
I-Family Caregiver Alliance icebisa ukuba uqale uqonde imvakalelo phambi kokuba ujike ingqalelo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuba umama wakho ugxininisa ukuba kufuneka aye kuthatha abantwana esikolweni:
- Endaweni yoku: “Mama, abantwana bakho bakhulile. Yayiyiminyaka engamashumi amane eyadlulayo.”
- Zama oku: “Wawusoloko ungumama onenkathalo. Ndixelele ngokubathatha kwabo. Singatya into encinci kuqala?”
I-Alzheimer’s Association ikwacebisa ukuba ungaphikisani neengxelo ongavumelaniyo nazo. Khetha amaxesha afanelekileyo: ukuba inkolelo engachananga ayinabungozi, yiyeke.
Unxibelelwano lutshintsha njani njengoko isifo sokulibala siqhubela phambili?
Iimfuno ziyatshintsha ekuhambeni kwexesha, ngoko tshintsha indlela yakho. I-Alzheimer’s Association ichaza izigaba ezithathu ezibanzi:
| Inqanaba | Into encedayo |
|---|---|
| Lokuqala | Musa ukucinga ukuba akanakunxibelelana. Mbandakanye kwiincoko, thetha naye ngqo, buza ukuba ufuna nkxaso ni, kwaye usebenzise uburharha ukuba buyanceda. |
| Eliphakathi | Iincoko zabantu ababini kwindawo ezolileyo. Thetha kancinci, gcina ukujonga emehlweni, sebenzisa imibuzo ephendulwa ngo-ewe okanye hayi, nika imiyalelo inyathelo ngenyathelo, kwaye ungagxeki okanye ulungise. |
| Eliphambili | Sondela ngapha ngaphambili uze uzitsho ukuba ungubani. Khuthaza ukukhomba nezenzo zomzimba. Sebenzisa ukubamba, izandi, izinto ezibonwayo nevumba. Ungaze uthethe ngokungathi akakho. |
Umntu ngamnye wahlukile, kwaye umntu omnye usenokuba neentsuku ezilungileyo nezinzima. Phendula kwindlela anjengayo ngoku, hayi kwigama lenqanaba.
Ngaba imifanekiso nemisebenzi inokwenza incoko ibe lula?
Ewe. Umfanekiso eniwujonga kunye ususa uxinzelelo kwaye uninika into eninokuyijonga neninokukhomba kuyo nobabini.
- Imifanekiso evusa incoko. Conversation Cards inika imifanekiso enemibuzo evulekileyo engavavanyi.
- Iifoto zosapho. Photo Pairs ijika iifoto ozikhethayo zibe ngumdlalo omnene wokudibanisa, nto leyo edla ngokuvusa amabali.
- Izaci eziqhelekileyo. Finish the Saying isebenzisa izaci zaseMelika eziqhelekileyo, zilandelwe ngumbuzo wencoko.
- Imidlalo yokudibanisa ngelixa nithetha. Picture Pairs inika izandla zenu into yokwenza ngelixa nincokola.
Bona indlela yokudlala imidlalo kunye kunye nemisebenzi yokukhumbula ukuze ufumane okungakumbi. Ngokutyelela nokufowuna, funda izikhokelo zethu malunga nokutyelela kunye neminxeba yefowuni neyevidiyo.
Kumntu othetha iilwimi ezininzi, bona isikhokelo sethu ngonxibelelwano kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo.
Kuthekani ukuba ndiphelelwa ngumonde?
Kwenzeka kuye wonke umntu. I-NIA icebisa ukuba ukuba ukhathazekile, thatha ixesha lokuzola. Yiya kwelinye igumbi, uthathe imiphefumlo embalwa ecothayo, uze ubuye xa unako. Ungayiqalisa incoko kwakhona, kwaye loo mntu usenokuphendula kakuhle kwimo yakho ezolileyo. Ukuba ukukhathazeka kuya kusiba rhoqo, loo nto luphawu lokuba ufuna inkxaso engaphezulu, hayi ukuba uyasilela. Isikhokelo sethu malunga nokuzikhathalela komkhathaleli sinendawo onokujika kuzo.
Imibuzo eqhelekileyo
Yintoni ongafanelanga uyithethe kumntu ophila nesifo sokulibala?
Kuphephe ukuvavanya (“Uyakhumbula...?”), ukulungisa (“Ayilunganga loo nto”), ukumkhumbuza ngelahleko (“Sele ndikuxelele”) nokuthetha ngaye ngokungathi akakho. Kuphephe ukuthetha njengomntwana. Ezi zinto zidla ngokubangela iintloni okanye ukuxhalaba zingancedi.
Ngaba kufuneka ndimlungise xa ephazama iinkcukacha?
Ngokwesiqhelo akufuneki. Ukuba impazamo ayinabungozi, yiyeke. Ukuphikisana kunqabile ukuba kutshintshe ingqondo yomntu kwaye kudla ngokumenza akhathazeke. Gxila kwindlela aziva ngayo nakwinto ayidingayo ngoku.
Ndenze ntoni xa engalifumani igama?
Mqale umnike ixesha. Ukuba kuyabonakala ukuba uyasokola, kulungile ukumnika igama ngobunono okanye ukuqikelela into ayithethayo uze uqinisekise. Ukukhomba, izenzo zomzimba nemifanekiso nako kunokunceda.
Ndingathetha njani nomntu okwinqanaba eliphambili lesifo sokulibala ongafane athethe?
Sondela ngapha ngaphambili, zitsho ukuba ungubani, kwaye usebenzise ilizwi elizolileyo nokubamba ngobunono. Qaphela ubuso nolwimi lomzimba ukuze ubone iimvakalelo. Ubukho bakho, ingoma eqhelekileyo okanye ukubambana ngezandla kunokuthetha kakhulu ngaphandle kwamazwi.
Imithombo
Sinika amakhonkco emibutho nophononongo eli phepha elixhomekeke kulo. Inye nganye yatshekishwa xa iphepha lalihlaziywa.
- Communicating With Someone Who Has Alzheimer's Disease · National Institute on Aging
- Communication and Alzheimer's · Alzheimer's Association
- Caregiver's Guide to Understanding Dementia Behaviors · Family Caregiver Alliance