Enyamukulo lixupi
Okomitiye yaLancet mo2024 oya tumbula oinima 14 tai dulu okulundululwa oyo tai dulu okukwatafana noupyakadi wedimbuluko: ehongo lixupi, okuuda noudjuu, o-LDL cholesterol ya londa, oluhepo lopamadiladilo, oshilonga shomomutwe, okuhalonga olutu, oushikisha, okushila omakaya, ombundu yopombada, ondjudo ya pitilila, okunwa oalkoholi unene, okukala wa yooloka ko kuvamwe, omhepo ya nyata nosho yo okuhamona nawa inaku pangwa. Aishe kumwe ohai kwatafana noipupulu 45% yoihopaenenwa mounyuni aushe, ndele kape na oushili kutya otashi ka ningilwa keshe umwe.
- Oinima ei 14 ohai hange omunhu moukalamwenyo aushe: shimwe mounyasha, omulongo pokati komido, nhatu moukulupe.
- Okuuda noudjuu nosho yo o-LDL cholesterol ya londa pokati komido keshe shimwe ohashi kwatafana noipupulu 7% yoihopaenenwa yedimbuluko mounyuni aushe, osho shi li pombada shi dulife oinima ikwao.
- Oipupulu ei oyo omavalulo opashiwana taa tula mo ediladilo kutya oshinima otashi etifa shikwao. Omakwatafano amwe otashi dulika a kale ashike oshitopolwa shoshili.
- Oukulukulu noikwamufyuululwalunde, oyo inai dulu okulundululwa, nayo oyo oinima inene tai eta oupyakadi. Okushunifa pedu oinima ei 14 itashi shilipaleke kutya omunhu ita ka kala noupyakadi wedimbuluko.
- Oinima ihapu apa, ngaashi okutala ombundu, okuuda nomesho, oiwa koukolele meenghedi dimwe notai wapalele okukundafanwa nandokotola.
Kepandja eli (oitukulwa 7)
Oshinima tashi eta oupyakadi osho oshinima shi na ekwatafano nomhito ya kula yokumona oudu wonhumba. Hasho alushe tashi ti osho sha etifa oudu, nokukala nasho itashi ti kutya omunhu ota ka kala noupyakadi wedimbuluko. Epandja eli otali ulike oinima 14 tai eta oupyakadi wedimbuluko oyo okomitiye yaLancet mo2024 ya ti otai dulu okulundululwa, osho omapekapeko e i kwatakanifa nasho, nosho yo osho to dulu okukundafana nandokotola.
Opo u mone efano linene, mwa kwatelwa osho omakonaakono manene a mona, hovela apa Mbela oupyakadi wedimbuluko otau dulu okukeelelwa? Osho omapekapeko taa ti. Eli olo ouyelele wopashiwana, halombwelo lopaunamiti; tala elondwelo letu lopaunamiti.
Oinima 14 ilipi tai eta oupyakadi wedimbuluko?
Okomitiye yaLancet mo2024, ya shangwa kovanongononi 27 vedimbuluko, oya tengeneka kutya oinima 14 tai dulu okulundululwa kumwe ohai kwatafana noipupulu 45% yoihopaenenwa yedimbuluko mounyuni aushe. Oshipupulu shoshinima keshe shi li apa pedu osho etengeneko lokomitiye loshitukulwa shoihopaenenwa mounyuni aushe shi na ekwatafano nasho, sha tulwa momuvalu wa yukilila. Omivalu odi na omakwatakanifo, molwaashi ovanhu vahapu ove na oinima ihapu tai eta oupyakadi poshikando shimwe, onghee ohadi lumbakana 45% ndele hadi kala ihapu.
| Oshinima tashi eta oupyakadi | Efimbo moukalamwenyo | Oshitukulwa shoihopaenenwa | Osho omapekapeko taa ulike | Osho to dulu okuninga |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ehongo lixupi | Mounyasha | 5% | Omido dinini dokofikola oda kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene. Okukala wa longifa omadiladilo pokati komido otaku monika taku amene, nokuli nokovanhu va li ve na ehongo lixupi. | Twikila okulihonga nokulonga oinima tai longifa omadiladilo pefimbo keshe: okulesha, oinima oyo u hole, oilongwa, omaudano navamwe. |
| Okuuda noudjuu | Pokati komido | 7% | Okuuda noudjuu inaku pangwa okwa kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene. Omapekapeko oo taa shikula ovanhu efimbo lile otaa ulike kutya okulongifa oikwamifudo yokuuda okwa kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munini. | Ka konakonife okuuda kwoye. Pula ngeenge oikwamifudo yokuuda otai dulu okukwafela, ndele i djala ngeenge wa pewa. Amena omatwi koshilonga shina omawi mahapu. |
| O-LDL cholesterol ya londa | Pokati komido (okuhovela lwopomido 40) | 7% | O-LDL (“ii”) cholesterol ya londa pokati komido oya kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene. Omapekapeko ekonakono otaa ulike kutya okulongifa omiti da statin okwa kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munini, ndele omakonaakono omomido dokomesho inaa ulika oshinima sha faafana. | Pula ndokotola woye ngeenge o-cholesterol yoye oi na okukonakonwa nosho yo kutya owa pumbwa okuninga shike. |
| Oluhepo lopamadiladilo | Pokati komido | 3% | Oluhepo lopamadiladilo ola kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene. Moukulupe, otali dulu yo okukala edidiliko lotete ledimbuluko tali ninipala. | Lombwela ndokotola kombinga yomaliudo mai ile okuhe na ohokwe efimbo lile li dulife oivike ivali. Oluhepo lopamadiladilo otali dulu okupangwa. |
| Oshilonga shomomutwe | Pokati komido | 3% | Oshilonga shomomutwe pefimbo keshe nokomukalo keshe, mwa kwatelwa omaudano omakwato, osha kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene. | Djala ombakitela ngeenge to enda nombasikela ile to dana omaudano omakwato. Pula kombinga yokukeelela okuwa. Fuda po nokukakonakonwa konima yoshilonga shomomutwe. |
| Okuhalonga olutu | Pokati komido | 2% | Ovanhu ovo hava deula olutu nohava dana omaudano kashi fi shipu va kale noupyakadi wedimbuluko. Oumbangi womomakonaakono natango ou li munini. | Pula kutya edeulo lilipi la amenena kwoove, ndele hoolola osho u hole. Tala ewiliko letu lokudeula olutu. |
| Oushikisha | Pokati komido | 2% | Oushikisha, unene tuu ngeenge wa hovela pokati komido ile wa kala efimbo lile, owa kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene. | Ka konakonife osuuka yohonde. Ngeenge u na oushikisha, longa pamwe nongudu yoye youhaku opo u u pange nawa. |
| Okushila omakaya | Pokati komido | 2% | Okushila omakaya okwa kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene. Omapekapeko otaa ulike kutya ovo va efa okushila inava humbata oupyakadi wa faafana naavo tava twikile. | Pula ekwafo opo u efe po. Otashi kwafa okweefa po pefimbo keshe. |
| Ombundu yopombada | Pokati komido | 2% | Ombundu yopombada pokati komido oya kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene. Omakonaakono omiti dombundu otaa ulike kutya otashi dulika pa kale oupyakadi munini wedimbuluko ile wokudiladila. | Shiiva omuvalu woye. Okomitiye otai ti omuvalu wokombada u kale 130 ile u shune pedu okudja lwopomido 40; pula kutya elalakano lilipi le ku wapalela. |
| Ondjudo ya pitilila | Pokati komido | 1% | Ondjudo ya pitilila pokati komido oya kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene, nohai eta yo oupyakadi woushikisha. | Pula ndokotola woye kombinga yondjudo iwa kwoove. Ovanamido itava dulu okweefa po oikulya va ninipale nopehe na omayele opaunamiti. |
| Okunwa oalkoholi unene | Pokati komido | 1% | Okunwa unene okwa kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene. Okuninipala okudja mokunwa unene okwa kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munini. | Pula kutya ongushu iwa ilipi kwoove, unene tuu pamwe nomiti doye. |
| Okukala wa yooloka ko kuvamwe | Moukulupe | 5% | Okukala ino popya ile ino shakeneka navamwe luhapu okwa kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene. | Kala wa kwatakanifwa novanhu meenghedi odo u hole. Tala ewiliko letu lokukala novanhu. |
| Omhepo ya nyata | Moukulupe | 3% | Okukala monhele yomhepo ya nyata okwa kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene. Omapekapeko otaa ulike kutya omhepo ya koshoka oya kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munini. | Shihapu oshinima shepangelo nomikalo dovanhu aveshe. Tala omalondwelo omhepo moshitopolwa sheni ndele ninipala efimbo lokukala pondje ngeenge omhepo ya nyata unene. |
| Okuhamona nawa inaku pangwa | Moukulupe | 2% | Omaupyakadi omesho inaa yukifwa okwa kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munene. Ekonakono limwe linene moAmerika ola kwatakanifa etando loik Cataract noupyakadi munini. | Ka konakonife omesho oye pandjikilile. Pula ngeenge omaupyakadi ngaashi oik Cataract otaa dulu okupangwa. |
Nandi leshe ngahelipi oipupulu ei?
Nounghendi. Olopota yokomitiye vene otai yelifa oinima imwe ya fimana okudimbuluka:
- Otai yelifa oshiwana, hakomunhu pauhandimwe. Efatululo laUniversity College London otali ti kutya okushunifa pedu oupyakadi otashi longo moshiwana ashike itashi shilipaleke kutya omunhu keshe ita ka kala noupyakadi wedimbuluko.
- Otai tula mo ediladilo loshietifi noshizemo. Ovashangi ova kufa mo ashike oinima i na oumbangi wa kola, ndele otava ti omakwatafano amwe otashi dulika a kale ashike oshitopolwa shoshili.
- Ei oyo omuvalu womounyuni aushe. Oumbangi muhapu owa dja moilongo ya punapala, onghee oshitukulwa shoshili shoshilongo ile shomudingonoko keshe otashi dulu okukala sha yooloka.
- Oipupulu inini nayo otai dulu okukala ya fimana. Oshinima sha kwatakanifwa noipupulu 2% yoihopaenenwa mounyuni aushe natango otashi kumu ovanhu vahapu.
Oinima ilipi ya wedwa mo mo2024?
Olopota yomo2024 oya weda ko oinima ivali koinima 12 ya tumbulwa mo2020:
- O-LDL cholesterol ya londa pokati komido, ya kwatakanifwa noipupulu 7% yoihopaenenwa.
- Okuhamona nawa inaku pangwa moukulupe, kwa kwatakanifwa noipupulu 2% yoihopaenenwa.
Oinima ilipi itai dulu okulundululwa?
National Institute on Aging oya ti oukulukulu owo oshinima sha shiivika nawa unene tashi eta oupyakadi waAlzheimer, nokape na ou ta dulu oku u lundulula. Oikwamufyuululwalunde nayo oi na oshinakuwanifwa; omufyuululwalunde umwe wa shiivika oo hau nwefa mo oupyakadi waAlzheimer ohau ifanwa APOE. NIA oya weda ko kutya ovanongononi inava uda ko natango filufilu osho hashi eta Alzheimer movanhu vahapu. Okomitiye yaLancet otai ti kutya oinima tai dulu okulundululwa otai dulu okushunifwa pedu kashi na nee mbudi kutya omunhu oku na oupyakadi wopamufyuululwalunde ulipi.
Molwaashi oukulukulu noikwamufyuululwalunde oi na oshinakuwanifwa shinene, ovanhu vahapu ovo vehe na nande oshimwe shomoinima 14 natango otava dulu okukala noupyakadi wedimbuluko. Hasho epuko lasha.
Oumbangi womomakonaakono otau ti shike kombinga yokulundulula oinima ei?
Okukwatakanifa oshinima noupyakadi wedimbuluko inashi faafana nokushilipaleka kutya okulundulula osho otaku shunifa pedu oupyakadi wedimbuluko. Oihopaenenwa imwe apa opo oumbangi womakonaakono wa fika:
- Ombundu yopombada. Mekonakono laSPRINT MIND, elalakano lombundu ya shuna pedu ola shunifa pedu lela oupyakadi munini wokudiladila. Inali shunifa pedu lela oupyakadi wedimbuluko wa fa u li po, nonande ekonakono otashi dulika la li linini unene okuulika oshinima osho (SPRINT MIND muJAMA).
- Oikwamifudo yokuuda. Okomitiye yaLancet otai hokolola ekonakono loomwedi 36 loikwamifudo yokuuda inali mona elunduluko liwa mokudiladila kwaaveshe, ndele ola mona ouwa mongudu yovanhu va li ve na oupyakadi munene. Omapekapeko oo taa shikula ovanhu efimbo lile otaa ulike kutya okulongifa oikwamifudo yokuuda okwa kwatakanifwa noupyakadi munini. Ewiliko letu lokuuda oli na ouyelele muhapu.
- Edeulo lolutu. National Institute on Aging oya ti kape na oumbangi wa wana womomakonaakono opo ku tiwe kutya edeulo lolutu otali dulu okukeelela ile okuninipika oupyakadi munini wokudiladila ile Alzheimer, nonande omapekapeko amwe otaa ulike kutya otashi dulika shi kwafele mokuninipika okushonopala kwomadiladilo okuyelekanifa noukulukulu (NIA kombinga yokukeelela Alzheimer).
Omakonaakono male oo taa teelele oupyakadi wedimbuluko u holoke ohaa kwata efimbo lile nohadi pula oimaliwa ihapu, onghee koinima ihapu oumbangi muwa otau twikile okudja momapekapeko oo taa shikula ovanhu oule weedula. Oumbangi oo ou na oshilonga, ndele kau na eenghono ngaashi ekonakono la yelekwa.
Ongahelipi kombinga yeemhofi nokulya?
Okomitiye oya konakona eemhofi nokulya ndele inai i weda ko keliste, molwaashi oumbangi kawa li wa kola ile tau tu kumwe nawa. Omawiliko etu kombinga yeemhofi nokombinga yokulya otaa yelifa osho sha shiivika.
Kundafana nandokotola
Ekonakono loukolele lomudo keshe olo efimbo liwa okupopya oinima ei. Oto dulu okweeta eliste eli nokupula:
- Omivalu dange dombundu, dosuuka yohonde nodi-cholesterol odilipi, nopeni pa pumbwa elitulemo?
- Mbela ondi na okukakonakonifa okuuda nomesho ange?
- Edeulo olo handi ningi ola amenena nole lilongekida nawa kwaame?
- Mbela ope na omiti dange dimwe tadi dulu okunwefa mo edimbuluko ile okudiladila?
Ofimbo ino lundulula omiti, eendja, okweefa po okulya, edeulo lolutu ile oitungifi yokuwedela, kundafana tete nandokotola. Ngeenge ove ile omunhu oo u na ko nasha naye okwa kala mefimbo lixupi a ngwangwana, a nghundipala kombinga imwe yolutu, ile ta mono oudjuu mokupopya, denga diva ongodi yomayakulo omeendelelo moshitopolwa sheni (ngaashi 112).
Omapulo haa pulwa olundji
Oinima 14 ilipi tai dulu okulundululwa tai eta oupyakadi wedimbuluko?
Okomitiye yaLancet mo2024 oya tumbula ehongo lixupi, okuuda noudjuu, o-LDL cholesterol ya londa, oluhepo lopamadiladilo, oshilonga shomomutwe, okuhalonga olutu, oushikisha, okushila omakaya, ombundu yopombada, ondjudo ya pitilila, okunwa oalkoholi unene, okukala wa yooloka ko kuvamwe, omhepo ya nyata nosho yo okuhamona nawa inaku pangwa. Aishe kumwe ohai kwatafana lwopopepi netata loihopaenenwa yedimbuluko mounyuni aushe.
Oshinima shilipi shi na oshilonga unene mokukwatafana noupyakadi wedimbuluko?
Mounyuni aushe, okomitiye oya tengeneka kutya okuuda noudjuu nosho yo o-LDL cholesterol ya londa pokati komido keshe shimwe ohashi kwatafana noipupulu 7% yoihopaenenwa, sha landulwa kehongo lixupi nokukala wa yooloka ko kuvamwe keshe shimwe noipupulu 5%. Oinima ilipi ya fimanenena komunhu umwe oya kwatelwa moukolele waye, onghee ndokotola oye e li omuwiliki muwa.
Mbela oinima ivali ipe oya wedwa mo mo2024?
Heeno. Olopota yomo2024 oya weda ko o-LDL (ii) cholesterol ya londa pokati komido nosho yo okuhamona nawa inaku pangwa moukulupe koinima 12 ya tumbulwa mo2020. Okomitiye oya ti oi na ekwatafano noipupulu 7% noipupulu 2% yoihopaenenwa.
Mbela oukulukulu oshinima tashi dulu okulundululwa?
Ahowe. Oukulukulu owo oshinima sha shiivika nawa unene tashi eta oupyakadi waAlzheimer, notashi dulu okulundululwa. Oikwamufyuululwalunde nayo oi na oshinakuwanifwa. Oinima 14 eli kepandja eli oyo omapekapeko taa ulike kutya otashi dulika i lundululwe.
Eeshako doilongifo
Ohatu tula omalinki komahangano nokeekonakono omo epandja eli la likolelela. Keshe shimwe osha li sha talululwa eshi epandja la pepalekwa.
- Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission · The Lancet
- Nearly half of dementia cases could be prevented or delayed by tackling 14 risk factors · University College London
- Preventing Alzheimer's Disease: What Do We Know? · National Institute on Aging
- What Causes Alzheimer's Disease? · National Institute on Aging
- Effect of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control on Probable Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial (SPRINT MIND) · JAMA (via PubMed)