Mmuae tiawa no
2024 Lancet Commission kyerɛɛ dementia asiane nsɛnkyerɛnne 14 a ebetumi asesa: adesua a ɛyɛ kakra, tie nhunu, LDL kolesterol a ɛkɔ soro, awerɛhyɛ, tiri mfiase, nneyɛe bi nni, ɔyare a ɛwɔ shuga mu, sigara tu, mogya tɔ a ɛkɔ soro, nipɔ a ɛyɛ den, nsã a ɛyɛ den, nnipa a wɔnnyina ho, mframa a ɛyɛ bɔne ne ani a wɔankɔ so nni ho ban. Wɔka sɛ ebinom a ɛka ho ne ɛmfa ho ankɔ dementia ho bɛyɛ bɛboro 45% wɔ wiase so, nanso biribiara nni asiesie biribiara.
- Nsɛnkyerɛnne 14 yi kɔ nkwa mmere nyinaa mu: baako wɔ abofra mmere, mmienu wɔ ɛkyɛn mmere ne baasa wɔ ɛtwa mmere.
- Tie nhunu ne LDL kolesterol a ɛkɔ soro wɔ ɛkyɛn mmere ka ho kɔ dementia ayɛ 7% wɔ wiase so, na eyi ne nsɛnkyerɛnne biako a ɛka ho pii sen biara.
- Saa ɔpɛ yi yɛ nnipa dodow nhwehwɛmu ho nsusuwii a ɛfa sɛ biribi de biribi aba. Nea ɛka ho nyinaa nyɛ nea ɛwɔ hɔ ankasa.
- Mfeɛ ne nnansa, a obiara ntumi nsesa, yɛ asiane nsɛnkyerɛnne kɛse nso. Sɛ wotew nsɛnkyerɛnne 14 yi nyinaa ase a, ɛnnyina sɛ obiara bɛtwe dementia ahwe.
- Akwan a ɛwɔ mu, te sɛ mogya tɔ, tie ne ani hwɛ, boa ma ahoyeɛ wɔ akwan foforo so nso, na ɛfata sɛ wobɛka ho kyerɛ dokota.
Wɔ kratafa yi so (7 afã horow) .
Nsɛnkyerɛnne ye biribi a ɛka ho kɔ asiane a ɛma obi nya yare no so. Ɛnyɛ ɔkyɛwde wɔ nneɛma nyinaa mu, na sɛ wowɔ bi a, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wobɛtwe dementia ahwe. Saa krataa yi kyerɛkyerɛ dementia asiane nsɛnkyerɛnne 14 a 2024 Lancet Commission kyerɛɛ sɛ ebetumi asesa, nea nhwehwɛmu ka ho, ne nea wobetumi aka kyerɛ dokota.
Sɛ wopɛ nsɛm a ɛyɛ kɛse, a ɛfa nea nnwinnadeɛ kɛseɛ kyerɛɛ nso, fi ase wɔ Dementia betumi aban? Nhwehwɛmu no kyerɛ nea ɛwɔ hɔ. Eyi yɛ nsɛm a ɛfa biribiara ho; ɛnyɛ akwankyerɛ a ɛfa ayaresa ho. Hwɛ yɛn ayaresa kyerɛwsɛm.
Dementia asiane nsɛnkyerɛnne 14 ne ɛhe?
2024 Lancet Commission, a nhwehwɛfo 27 kyerɛwee, kyerɛɛ sɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne 14 a ebetumi asesa yi nyinaa ka ho kɔ dementia nsɛm bɛyɛ 45% wɔ wiase so. Ɛpɔ a wɔde ama biribi biara wɔ hɔ yi yɛ Commission no mmuaeɛ a ɛkyerɛ nnipa a ɛka ho wɔ wiase so ɛpɔ, a wɔabɔ no ma nkyɛn. Nsɛm a ɛkɔ soro no ka ho, efisɛ nnipa pii wɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne pii bio, enti ɛno nti na ɛkɔ 45% ne mmerɛ yi na ɛnyɛ ɛkɔ soro.
| Nsɛnkyerɛnne | Nkwa mmere | Ɛpɔ a ɛka ho | Nea nhwehwɛmu ka ho | Nea wobetumi ayɛ |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Adesua a ɛyɛ kakra | Abofra mmere | 5% | Nkwa a wosuaa kɔ sukuu kakra ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse. Ɛkyɛn mmere mu adwene a wɔyɛ no nso kyerɛ sɛ ɛboa, ne nnipa a wosuaa kɔ sukuu kakra mu no. | Kɔ so suasua ne nneyɛe a ɛma adwene yɛ adwuma wɔ mmere biara: kenkan, akwantuo, nkyerɛkyerɛ, ne agyinatuo a ɛde afoforo ka ho. |
| Tie nhunu | Ɛkyɛn mmere | 7% | Tie nhunu a wɔnnwɛn no ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔdi akyi bere tenten no kyerɛ sɛ tie akyɛde a wɔde di so ka ho kɔ asiane ketewa. | Fa wo tie hwɛ. Bisa sɛ tie akyɛde betumi aboa, na fa de sɛ wɔkyerɛ wo a. Kora nnwan kɛse ho ban. |
| LDL kolesterol a ɛkɔ soro | Ɛkyɛn mmere (fi mfe 40 rekɔ so) | 7% | LDL (“bɔne”) kolesterol a ɛkɔ soro wɔ ɛkyɛn mmere ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔhwɛ nneyɛe so kyerɛ sɛ statin di so ka ho kɔ asiane ketewa, nanso ɔyɛ a wɔyɛ wɔ ɛtwa mmere no nnyinaa nnkyerɛ saa. | Bisa dokota sɛ ebia wɔbɛhwɛ wo kolesterol na sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ a, dɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔyɛ ho, sɛ biribi wɔ hɔ. |
| Awerɛhyɛ | Ɛkyɛn mmere | 3% | Awerɛhyɛ ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse. Wɔ ɛtwa mmere mu no, awerɛhyɛ betumi ayɛ dementia ɛsɛ a ɛba ka. | Ka kyerɛ dokota sɛ wo ho yɛ fɛw anaa wo ani nnye ho nneɛma wɔ nna a ɛboro mmienu mu. Awerɛhyɛ ka ayaresa. |
| Tiri mfiase | Ɛkyɛn mmere | 3% | Tiri a ɛfiri ahosɛpɛ, wɔ bere biara ne fi biara mu, a ɛbɛka mmɔfra a wɔde ho gyina mmoa ho, ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse. | Hyɛ akokɔsrɛ ma kɔnkɔn ne nnwoma a wɔde ho gyina mmoa so. Bisa sɛ wobɛboa wo ma wɔrenhinhim. Ma wo ho ntɔ ne ɔyare nhwɛ wɔ tiri mfiase akyi. |
| Nneyɛe bi nni | Ɛkyɛn mmere | 2% | Nnipa a wɔyɛ nneyɛe ne agodi wɔ ɛnhyɛ dementia so. Ɔyɛ a wɔyɛ so nnyɛ den. | Bisa nea ɛyɛ nneyɛe a ɛyɛ wo papa, na hwehwɛ biribi a wopɛ. Hwɛ yɛn nneyɛe akwankyerɛ. |
| Ɔyare a ɛwɔ shuga mu | Ɛkyɛn mmere | 2% | Ɔyare a ɛwɔ shuga mu, ɛfiri sɛ ɛfiri ɛkyɛn mmere mu anaa sɛ ɛtenaa ase no, ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse. | Hwɛ wo mogya shuga. Sɛ wowɔ ɔyare a ɛwɔ shuga mu a, yɛ adwuma wo ayaresa adwumayɛfo ne wo ho ban. |
| Sigara tu | Ɛkyɛn mmere | 2% | Sigara tu ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse. Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ nnipa a wɔagyae sigara tu no nnya asiane a ɛkɔ soro sɛ nea sigara tu ka ho no. | Bisa mmoa a wobetumi aboa wo ma wogyae. Ɛfata sɛ wogyae no wɔ mfe biara. |
| Mogya tɔ a ɛkɔ soro | Ɛkyɛn mmere | 2% | Mogya tɔ a ɛkɔ soro wɔ ɛkyɛn mmere ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse. Nnuro a wɔde gyina mogya tɔ so a wɔasɔ hwɛ no kyerɛ sɛ ɛbetumi akɔ dementia anaa nsusuwii a ɛyɛ den ase a ɛyɛ kakra. | Hu wo nkontaabu. Commission no kyerɛ sɛ top number a ɛyɛ 130 anaa ase wɔ mfe 40 ne ɛsoro; bisa sɛ dɛn na wo ho gye. |
| Nipɔ a ɛyɛ den | Ɛkyɛn mmere | 1% | Nipɔ a ɛyɛ den wɔ ɛkyɛn mmere ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse, na ɛma ɔyare a ɛwɔ shuga mu ba mu nso ka ho. | Bisa dokota nipɔ a ɛyɛ wo papa, ɛnam nnuro a wɔ nam wo ho. Nnipa a wɔatwa mfe ne nnansa nkɔ so no nsɛ sɛ wɔhwe ase de ayɛ nnuro wɔ ankasa nkyerɛkyerɛ a dokota nnkyerɛ. |
| Nsã a ɛyɛ den | Ɛkyɛn mmere | 1% | Nsã a ɛyɛ den ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse. Nsã a wɔsɛe ɛkɔ fam sɛ wɔbɛtew no ase no, ɛka ho kɔ asiane ketewa. | Bisa nsã a wobetumi anom sɛ wo ho bɛyɛ papa, sɛ wo nnuro ho. |
| Nnipa a wɔnnyina ho | Ɛtwa mmere | 5% | Nnipa a wɔnnyina ho gyina kasa mu ne ɛwɔ ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse. | Ma wo ho ntwa agyinatuo nkitahodie mu wɔ akwan a wopɛ so. Hwɛ yɛn agyinatuo akwankyerɛ. |
| Mframa a ɛyɛ bɔne | Ɛtwa mmere | 3% | Mframa a ɛyɛ bɔne ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse. Nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ mframa a ɛyɛ pɛ ka ho kɔ asiane ketewa. | Ɛfa mmara a wɔde yɛ asetena ho so pii. Hwɛ mframa ho amanneɛ wɔ hɔ, na fa wo ho nkɔ baabi a ɛyɛ hyew wɔ nna a mframa ayɛ bɔne ara ho ban. |
| Ani a wɔankɔ so nni ho ban | Ɛtwa mmere | 2% | Ani a wɔankɔ so nni ho ban, a wonnsesa no, ka ho kɔ asiane kɛse. Amerika nhwehwɛmu bi kyerɛɛ sɛ ɛnam ani sɛ wɔtwe kaa ho so ka ho kɔ asiane ketewa. | Hwɛ ani bere a ɛyɛ. Bisa sɛ ebetumi aboa biribi te sɛ kaa ara. |
Sɛn na ɛsɛ sɛ meka saa ɔpɛ yi ho?
Ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yiye. Commission no ankasa pɔtɔ kyerɛ nsɛm bi a ɛsɛ sɛ wosusuw ho:
- Ɛkyerɛ nnipa dodow, nnipa ankasa nni. University College London nkyerɛase a ɛfa pɔtɔ no ho kyerɛ sɛ asiane a wɔtew ase no yɛ nnipa dodow mu, na ɛnnyina sɛ obiara bɛtwe dementia ahwe.
- Ɛfa sɛ biribi de biribi aba ho. Nhwehwɛfo no de nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔwɔ adanse a ɛyɛ den nko ara hyɛɛ mu, nanso wɔka sɛ ebinom a ɛka ho no betumi ayɛ nea ɛyɛ nea ɛka ho kakra nko ara.
- Ɛyɛ wiase nyinaa ɔpɛ. Nsɛm a ɛwɔ hɔ no firi nnipa a wɔwɔ sika pii mu ankasa, na nea ɛwɔ ɔman biara anaa kurom biara mu no bɛyɛ ade foforo.
- Ɔpɛ ketewa nso betumi ahyɛ aba. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛka ho kɔ asiane 2% wɔ wiase so ka nnipa dodow pii.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na wɔde ka ho wɔ 2024?
2024 amanneɛ no de nsɛnkyerɛnne mmienu ka ho nsɛnkyerɛnne 12 a wɔkyerɛɛ wɔ 2020 no:
- LDL kolesterol a ɛkɔ soro wɔ ɛkyɛn mmere, a ɛka ho kɔ asiane 7%.
- Ani a wɔankɔ so nni ho ban wɔ ɛtwa mmere, a ɛka ho kɔ asiane 2%.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na wontumi nsesa?
National Institute on Aging kyerɛ sɛ mfeɛ ne Alzheimer’s asiane nsɛnkyerɛnne kɛse, na obiara ntumi nsesa. Nnomaa nso wɔ baabi a ɛka ho; nnomaa bi a wɔayɛ nhwehwɛmu wɔ ho a ɛka Alzheimer’s ho ne APOE. NIA ka nso sɛ nhwehwɛfo nnim yiye dɛn na ɛma Alzheimer’s ba nnipa pii mu. Lancet Commission kyerɛ sɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔsesa ka ho betumi aba fam, wɔ nnipa a ne nnomaa asiane bɛyɛ dɛn biara mu.
Ɛfiri sɛ mfeɛ ne nnomaa wɔ baabi a ɛka ho kɛse saa, nnipa pii a wonni nsɛnkyerɛnne 14 yi biara mu no betwe dementia ahwe. Eyi nni obiara ho mfomsoɔ.
Nsɛm a ɛfa sɛ wɔsesa saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi ho bɛn na adanse kyerɛ?
Sɛ wɔka nsɛnkyerɛnne bi ho asɛm wɔ dementia ho no, ɛnkyerɛ sɛ wɔaka sɛ sesa no betumi atew dementia asiane ase. Ɛfata sɛ yɛhwɛ nkɔso a wɔayɛ wɔ nsɛm bi ho:
- Mogya tɔ. SPRINT MIND ɔyɛ mu, mogya tɔ a wɔbɔɔ mmɔden sɛ ɛbɛyɛ ase ma no maa mfiase a ɛyɛ kakra ano yɛɛ kɛse. Nanso ɛnsesaa dementia a ɛbɛba so yɛɛ kɛse, ɛwom sɛ ebinom susuw sɛ adwuma no nyɛɛ kɛse sɛ ɛbɛkyerɛ saa (SPRINT MIND wɔ JAMA).
- Tie akyɛde. Lancet Commission kyerɛ adwuma a wɔyɛɛ mfeɛ abiɛsa wɔ tie akyɛde ho, a ɛnyinyɛɛ nea ɛsesaa adwene nyinaa, nanso ɛboaa nnipa a asiane ka wɔn kɛse mu. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔdi akyi bere tenten no kyerɛ sɛ tie akyɛde di so ka ho kɔ asiane ketewa. Yɛn tie akwankyerɛ wɔ nsɛm pii.
- Nneyɛe ho. National Institute on Aging kyerɛ sɛ adanse a ɛfiri nnwuma ho nhwehwɛmu nhyɛ so nni ho ban sɛ nneyɛe betumi aboa ma mframa nnkɔ so anaa Alzheimer’s nni so, nanso nhwehwɛmu bi kyerɛ sɛ ebetumi aboa ma nkɔso a ɛfa mfeɛ ho nsɛm (NIA wɔ Alzheimer’s ban ho).
Nhwehwɛmu a ɛtenaa ase kɔsi sɛ dementia bɛba ara no yɛ mmerɛ na ɛyɛ sika pii, enti ɛmfa ho nsɛnkyerɛnne pii no, adanse a ɛyɛ mfiase no bɛba nhwehwɛmu a wɔdi nnipa akyi mfeɛ pii so mu. Saa adanse yi boa, nanso ɛyɛ kɛse sen nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛ de hwehwɛ.
Ɛfa ɔdaa ne aduane ho bɛn?
Commission no hwehwɛɛ ɔdaa ne aduane, nanso wɔankɔ wɔ nsɛnkyerɛnne no mu efisɛ adanse no nni den anaa ɛnyɛ pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛ ɛbɛboro saa. Wo ɔdaa akwankyerɛ ne aduane akwankyerɛ kyerɛkyerɛ nea wɔnim.
Kasa ne dokota
Afe biara ayaresa hwehwɛ yɛ bere a ɛfata sɛ wobɛka nsɛm yi ho. Wobetumi de saa krataa yi bɛba na ebisa:
- Me mogya tɔ, mogya shuga ne kolesterol nkontaabu ne dɛn, na biribi wɔ hɔ a ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ ho?
- Ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ me tie ne me ani anaa?
- Nneyɛe a menya no yɛ me papa na ɛdɔ anaa?
- Me nnuro bi betumi aka adwene anaa nteaseɛ ho?
Ansa na wosesa nnuro, aduane, ɛnsa aduane, nneyɛe anaa nnuro a ɛboa ahoyeɛ, kasa kyerɛ dokota ansa. Sɛ wo anaa obi a wohwɛ no nni adwene ntɛmntɛm, wo fam bɛyɛ kɔm, anaa wo kasa yɛ den a, frɛ 112.
Nsɛmmisa a wɔtaa bisa
Dementia asiane nsɛnkyerɛnne 14 a ebetumi asesa ne ɛhe?
2024 Lancet Commission kyerɛɛ adesua a ɛyɛ kakra, tie nhunu, LDL kolesterol a ɛkɔ soro, awerɛhyɛ, tiri mfiase, nneyɛe bi nni, ɔyare a ɛwɔ shuga mu, sigara tu, mogya tɔ a ɛkɔ soro, nipɔ a ɛyɛ den, nsã a ɛyɛ den, nnipa a wɔnnyina ho, mframa a ɛyɛ bɔne ne ani a wɔankɔ so nni ho ban. Wɔka sɛ ebinom a ɛka ho ne ɛmfa ho ankɔ dementia ho bɛyɛ ɛfa dementia nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ wiase so ho.
Dementia asiane nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛyɛ nea ɛsɔ ho nkɛntɛnsɛm pa?
Wɔ wiase nyinaa mu, Commission no kyerɛɛ sɛ tie nhunu ne LDL kolesterol a ɛkɔ soro wɔ ɛkyɛn mmere ka ho kɔ ɛfa 7% biara, na adesua a ɛyɛ kakra ne nnipa a wɔnnyina ho ka ho kɔ ɛfa 5% biara. Nsɛnkyerɛnne bɛn na ɛsɔ ho nkɛntɛnsɛm ma obi biara gyina ne ankasa ahoyeɛ so, enti dokota ne akwankyerɛ a ɛyɛ pa.
Nsɛnkyerɛnne mmienu a wɔde ka ho wɔ 2024 no, wɔde ka ho wɔ 2024 anaa?
Aane. 2024 amanneɛ no de LDL (bɔne) kolesterol a ɛkɔ soro wɔ ɛkyɛn mmere ne ani a wɔankɔ so nni ho ban wɔ ɛtwa mmere ka ho nsɛnkyerɛnne 12 a wɔkyerɛɛ wɔ 2020 no. Commission no kyerɛɛ sɛ ɛka ho kɔ ɛfa 7% ne 2% biara.
Mfeɛ ka ho nsɛnkyerɛnne a ebetumi asesa ana?
Dabi. Mfeɛ ne Alzheimer's ayɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne kɛse a yɛnim, na obiara ntumi nsesa. Nnomaa nso wɔ baabi a ɛka ho. Nsɛnkyerɛnne 14 a ɛwɔ saa krataa yi mu yɛ nea nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ ebetumi asesa.
Nneɛma a wonya fi mu
Yɛde link kɔ ahyehyɛde ahorow ne adesua ahorow a krataafa yi de ne ho to so no so. Wɔhwɛɛ emu biara bere a wɔyɛɛ kratafa no foforo no.
- Dementia prevention, intervention, and care: 2024 report of the Lancet standing Commission · The Lancet
- Nearly half of dementia cases could be prevented or delayed by tackling 14 risk factors · University College London
- Preventing Alzheimer's Disease: What Do We Know? · National Institute on Aging
- What Causes Alzheimer's Disease? · National Institute on Aging
- Effect of Intensive vs Standard Blood Pressure Control on Probable Dementia: A Randomized Clinical Trial (SPRINT MIND) · JAMA (via PubMed)