Dementia Betumi Aka Ano Aba? Nhwehwɛmu no Ka Sɛn

Sɛ wo yɛ obi a ɔhwɛ dementia ho, anaa wo hunu sɛ wo maame anaa agya no yɛ dementia a, wubetumi ahunu sɛ ebia wobetumi asiw ano ansa na ɛreba, na wobetumi abɔ ho ban ama ɛrebaa wo nso. Saa nkyekyerɛ yi kyerɛ nea nhwehwɛmu no ka wɔ nkyerɛaseɛ a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Mmuaeɛ a ɛtɔ so: obi nni bɔhyɛ sɛ ɔbɛma dementia ansi, nanso nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ sɛ wobetumi atew asiane bi ase, na sɛ wɔtew ne ase wɔ nnipa nyinaa mu a, nnipa bebree bɛtumi ankɔ dementia a, anaa ɛbɛba wɔ bere akyi.

Eyi yɛ nkyerɛkyerɛ a ɛfa ho wɔ nea ɛda so, na ɛnyɛ nnuro. Hwɛ yɛn nkyerɛaseɛ a yɛde ma wo na kasa ne dokota ho wɔ wo ankasa ahoɔden ho.

Dementia betumi aka ano aba?

Obi nni akwan a wɔasi hɔ a wɔde bɛma obi biara nkwati dementia. National Institute on Aging (NIA) ka sɛ bere a wɔnnim akwan a wɔde bɛma Alzheimer’s ansi nso, nhwehwɛfoɔahodoɔ ahu akwan a ɛbɛtumi aboa, na wɔrekɔ so rehwehwɛ nea ebetumi ayɛ ne nea ebeyɛ.

Nea nhwehwɛmu kyerɛ ne sɛ nsakrae a ɛfa apɛnsɛm ne nneyɛe ho bi ka ho kakra ne dementia ho. Sɛ wɔtew saa asiane yi ase wɔ nnipa nyinaa mu a, nnipa bebree betumi ankɔ dementia, anaa wɔabɛnya no wɔ bere akyi wɔ wɔn nkwa mu. Eyi yɛ nea ɛyɛ soronko koraa sɛ ɛbɛyɛ bɔhyɛ.

Ɛyɛ anigye nsɛnkyerɛnne bi: 2024 Lancet Commission kaa sɛ wɔ aman bi a wɔnya sikasɛm pa, te sɛ USA ne UK, nnipa a wɔwoo wɔn kɔ so no dodow a wɔwɔ dementia atew ase. Wɔn adwumfoɔ te sɛ wɔsusuw sɛ eyi fa adesua pa, apɛnsɛm pa, ne mogya a ɛrehwe mogya kwan so nkakrankakra nti, sɛnea University College London ka wɔ nhwehwɛmu no mu nkyerɛase kyerɛ.

Dɛn na 2024 Lancet Commission hunuu?

Lancet Commission a wɔyɛ wɔ dementia ho nkwati, apɛnsɛm ne nsɛnkyerɛ ho no yɛ nhwehwɛfoɔ 27 a wɔsusuw nhwehwɛmu no mfe bi mu. Wɔn 2024 nhwehwɛmu no kaa 14 nsɛnkyerɛnne a ebetumi asesa, na wɔbɔɔ mmuaeɛ sɛ wɔ nyinaa mu, ɛyɛ abien fã (about 45%) wɔ dementia nsɛm wiase so. Adwumfoɔ no kaa sɛ wɔbɛtumi atew saa nsɛnkyerɛnne yi ase a, saa nsɛm yi betumi ankɔ so anaa ɛbɛba wɔ bere akyi (2024 Lancet Commission report).

Nsɛnkyerɛnne no, wɔakyekye wɔn sɛnea abrabɔ bere a nhwehwɛmu no ahyɛ den no:

• Mfe ketewa: adesua a ɛyɛ kakraa.
• Mfe a ɛdi kan ne a ɛtwa (ɛsɛ sɛ ɛyɛ mfe 40 kɔsi 65): tie a ɛyɛ mmerɛw, LDL (“bɔne”) kolesterol a ɛyɛ den, awerɛhow, ti a ɛyɛ yaw, nneyɛe a ɛnyɛ den, ɔshuga, nsã, mogya a ɛyɛ den wɔ mogya kwan mu, ɔdɔ a ɛyɛ den, ne nsã a ɛyɛ den.
• Mfe a ɛakyi: nnipa a wɔyɛ wɔn ho nkutoo, mframa a ɛyɛ bɔne, ne ahuhudeɛ a wɔammɔ ho ban.

Nsakrae ebien a ɛbaa 2024 mu ne LDL kolesterol a ɛyɛ den ne ahuhudeɛ a wɔammɔ ho ban. Nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ dementia nsɛm kɛse mu ne tie a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ne LDL kolesterol a ɛyɛ den (bɛyɛ 7% biara), a ɛtoa so adesua a ɛyɛ kakraa ne nnipa a wɔyɛ wɔn ho nkutoo (bɛyɛ 5% biara).

Yɛn nkyerɛaseɛ a ɛfa nsɛnkyerɛnne ho kyerɛkyerɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne 14 no nyinaa wɔ tebele mu, ne nea nhwehwɛmu ka ho ne nea wubetumi ayɛ.

Nea 45% no nkyerɛ

Ɛyɛ mmerɛw sɛ wobɛkyerɛkyerɛ nsɛm yi yiye, enti ɛboa sɛ yɛkyerɛkyerɛ yiye:

• Ɛyɛ mmuaeɛ a ɛka nnipa dodow ho. Ɛkyerɛ dementia nsɛm wɔ wiase, na ɛnkyerɛ wo anaa wo maame/agya anaa wo ankasa asiane.
• Ɛgyina so sɛ nneɛma kɔ so. Adwumfoɔ no ka sɛ wɔde nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛwɔ nsɛm pa ho nkutoo na wɔhwehwɛɛ, nanso nsɛnkyerɛnne bi ka ho kakra, te sɛ awerɛhow wɔ mfe a ɛakyi, betumi ayɛ dementia ne nsɛnkyerɛnne ansa na ɛreba.
• Ɛnnya bɔhyɛ ma obi biara. UCL nkyerɛase no ka sɛ asiane ase tew wɔ nnipa dodow mu, nanso ɛnnya bɔhyɛ sɛ obi biara rennya dementia.
• Ɛfa a ɛtoa so no nkyerɛ mpo. Mfeɛ, mogya a ɛfiri agyanom mu, ne nneɛma a asayɛfoɔ nnim pɛpɛɛpɛ no yɛ ɛfa a ɛtoa so no.

Dɛn na “asiane tew ase” ne “ano aba” ntam ahyɛ?

Asiane tew ase kyerɛ sɛ wɔma asiane no yɛ ketewa. Sɛ nnipa bebree de wɔn mogya kɔ so yɛ ketewa a, nnipa bebree betumi ankɔ dementia wɔ mfe pii akyi sɛ wɔnte saa. Nanso nnipa bi wɔ saa nnipa no mu bɛnya dementia.

Ano aba kyerɛ sɛ wɔsiw ɔhaw no ano kɔsi sɛ ɛremmaa hɔ koraa. Wɔ dementia ho no, nhwehwɛmu nnim obi a ɔbɛka sɛ ɔbɛma ɛnkɔ nnɛ.

Nhwehwɛfoɔ nso ka akyiri ho asɛm. Lancet Commission kyerɛ sɛ asiane tew ase betumi akyiri bere a dementia reba ne bere a obi tra ɔyare mu wɔ dementia nti. Mfe kakra akyi nso betumi aboa obi ne ne abusuafoɔ kɛse.

Wɔ saa ananmu yi, yɛde “tew asiane ase” ne “ka ho” kyerɛ sɛdeɛ yɛpɛ. Sɛ wuhu ahyɛde, nnuane anaa ɔhwɛfoɔ bi a ɛka sɛ ɛbɛma “Alzheimer’s ansi”, fa ho nkɔ akwan a ɛyɛ den. NIA kyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wubisa dokota ansa na woyɛ nnuro biara anaa ayaresa biara a ɛka sɛ ɛbɛma Alzheimer’s ansi, efisɛ saa nneɛma no betumi ayɛ asiane, anaa ɛbɛyɛ sika a wɔde boro ɔsram.

Dɛn na nhwehwɛmu akɛse huu?

Nhwehwɛmu a wɔhwɛ nnipa wɔ bere so (wɔhwɛ nea ɛba wɔn so bere a ɛreba) betumi ada nkabom ho nsɛm adi. Nhwehwɛmu a wɔfa nnipa ahyɛ akwan a wɔrekɔ so ne afoforo, a ɛyɛ nea ɛwɔ ɔhaw mu wɔ ahyɛ mu, ne nea ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ. Ma yɛnhwehwɛ nea nhwehwɛmu akɛse bi huu.

FINGER (Finland)

FINGER nhwehwɛmu no faa nnipa 1,260 a wɔyɛ mfe 60 kɔsi 77 a dementia asiane wɔ wɔn so kɛse. Fa so a wɔde mfe abien kɔ so, wɔmaa wɔn aduane a wɔde ma nkwa ne nnuane ho, nneyɛe a wɔde ahwɛ adwene, ne ahwehwɛ a wɔyɛ wɔ mogya kwan ne abɔdeɛ ho; ɛfa no so no, wɔmaa wɔn afoforo nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ mpɛn. Nnipa a wɔnyaa nhyehyɛe no yɛɛ kakra wɔ nsɛm a wɔde hwɛ ntease ho, nanso ɛyɛ nsonsonoe ketewa a ɛwɔ abisabisa mu (FINGER trial in The Lancet). Nhwehwɛmu no tuu mmɔden wɔ ntease mmuaeɛ so, na ɛnyɛ dementia nkyerɛkyerɛ.

US POINTER (United States)

US POINTER faa nnipa 2,111 a wɔyɛ mfe 60 kɔsi 79 a wɔnyɛ adwuma, wɔdi aduane a ɛnyɛ pa, na wɔwɔ asiane afoforo. Wɔbɔɔ wɔn nyinaa mmɔden sɛ wɔnyɛ adwuma, wɔdi aduane yiye, wɔne afoforo bɔ amanneɛ, na wɔhwɛ mogya kwan ho. Nnipa bi nyaa nhyehyɛe a wɔkyerɛkyerɛ wɔn no; afoforo no nso yɛɛ wɔn ankasa. Mfe abien mu, ntease nhwehwɛmu no mu nsɛm yɛɛ yie wɔ nnipa abien mu nyinaa, na ɛyɛ kakra wɔ nhyehyɛe a wɔkyerɛkyerɛ wɔn no mu (US POINTER trial in JAMA). Adwumfoɔ no kaa sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ nea ɛba akyiri bebree na wɔahu sɛ nsonsonoe no hia anaa daa. Esiane sɛ “ɛnyɛ hwee” kɔmpe nni hɔ nti, nhwehwɛmu no ntumi nkyerɛ sɛnea nhyehyɛe biara boaa wɔ sɛ wɔrenni nsakrae biara.

SPRINT MIND (mogya a ɛyɛ den)

SPRINT MIND hwehwɛɛ nnipa 9,361 a wɔyɛ USA, mfe 50 anaa ɛboro saa, a wɔwɔ mogya a ɛyɛ den. Wɔkyɛɛ wɔn mogya ho kwan a ɛyɛ ketewa (nea ɔpon ne 120 aseɛ) anaa kwan a ɛyɛ nkɔso (nea ɛyɛ 140 aseɛ). Kwan a ɛyɛ ketewa no maa nkakrankakra nhwɛso a ɛwɔ adwene mu (mild cognitive impairment) yɛɛ kakra, a ɛyɛ ɔkwan a ɛnyɛ den a ɛbɛtumi ada dementia ananmu. Wɔ dementia a wɔhunu ho nti, nnipa a wɔde kwan a ɛyɛ ketewa no kɔɔ so no nyaa nnipa a ɛyɛ kakra, nanso nsonsonoe no ansi ahyɛ mu. Nhwehwɛmu no to ase ntɛm, na nnipa a wɔnyaa dementia sɛnea wɔsusuwee no nnyinaa, enti ebia ɛnyɛ kɛse sɛ ɛbɛtumi abua saa mmisa yi (SPRINT MIND in JAMA).

Nea nsɛnkyerɛ ahyɛ

2021 Cochrane nsɛnkyerɛ no hyiaa nhwehwɛmu akɛse 9 a ɛfa nhyehyɛe a ɛtwa asiane pii ho ase a ɛbɛtumi aboa, a nnipa a ɛboro 18,000 wɔ mu. Ɛhunuu sɛ ɛboa kakra wɔ ntease mmuaeɛ so, nanso ɛnnyɛ nsonsonoe a ɛda so wɔ nnipa a wɔnyaa dementia dodow mu wɔ nhwehwɛmu abien a wɔhwehwɛɛ saa mmisa no mu (Cochrane review of multi-domain interventions).

2017 nsɛnkyerɛ a National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine yɛe, na NIA abrɛ so, kaa sɛ nhwehwɛmu no “wɔ anidasoɔ nanso ɛnnyɛ koraa” ma akwan mmiensa: mogya a ɛyɛ den a wɔhwɛ so, nnuane a ɛkɔ so, ne adwene adwuma.

Ɛhia sɛ wofi ase bere bɛn?

Lancet Commission kyerɛ sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ wotew asiane ase ntɛm sɛnea wubetumi, na wɔnkora so kɔsi bere a wubetumi. Ɛka sɛ “ɛntɛm no, ɛyɛ” ne “ɛkyɛ no, ɛyɛ”. Ɛka nso sɛ ɛnyɛ bere a ɛyɛ mmerɛw anaa bere a ɛakyi nti na ɛnyɛ bere a ɛfata sɛ wobɛtew asiane ase. Nhwehwɛmu pii fa mfe 40 kɔsi 65, nanso nneɛma bi, te sɛ ahuhudeɛ ne nkitahodie, yɛ asiane a ɛwɔ mfe a ɛakyi mu, a nneyɛe bi betumi ayɛ mfaso wɔ so.

Adwumfoɔ no ka sɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛda so afi ase pɛn sɛ asiane a ɛtena ase bere tenten no betumi aka ho kɛse. Ɛnam ɔkwan so, sɛ wɔda asiane a ɛwɔ dementia ho so wɔ mfe pii, ɛbɛtumi ayɛ nea ɛka kɛse. Sɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne bi te sɛ mogya mmerɛw ne ɔdɔ a ɛyɛ den tena ase mfe pii a, ɛyɛ nea ɛka kɛse sɛ ɛbɛyɛ mmerɛw wɔ bere a ɛdi kan.

Asiane yi wɔ nnipa nyinaa mu pɛn?

Dabi. Lancet Commission hunuu sɛ nnipa a wɔwɔ aman a wɔnya sika kakra, nnipa a wɔyɛ kakraa, ne nnipa a wɔnya sika kakra no, wɔn so asiane bebree, enti dementia bɛba wɔn so wɔ mfe a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Asiane bebree yɛ nneɛma a obi nnyiii ho nkɔnhwɛ, te sɛ adesua a wɔnyaa bere a wɔyɛ mmofra, mframa a ɛwɔ baabi a wɔte, ne sɛ aduane a ɛyɛ pa tɔ ne hia ne sɛ ɛwɔ ntam ne hɔ.

Ɛno nti na Lancet Commission nhyehyɛe no yɛ ma aman nso ne nnipa ankasa, nanso ɛyɛ nhyehyɛe a ɛyɛ mmerɛw ma ɔman ankasa: adesua pa ma mmofra nyinaa, mframa a ɛyɛ pɛ, akwan a wɔbɛtew nnuane ase, nkaehyɛ kɔ tɔ ne nkyene a ɛyɛ ketewa wɔ aduane a wɔtɔn wɔ nkɔ ne aduane a wɔdi wɔ aduasɛfoɔ ne ɛdan mu, ne ntiasoɛ ama nnipa nyinaa a wɔhia no. Ankasa adwuma ho yɛ hia, nanso wiase a nnipa te no ho nso yɛ hia. Eyi yɛ nkaefo foforo sɛ yɛnhwɛ obi ho asɛm wɔ dementia nsɛm ho.

Dɛn na nhwehwɛmu yi ho mmerɛw a ɛnyɛ yiye?

• Dementia fi mfe pii ase, nanso nhwehwɛmu pii tra mfe abien kɔsi mfe enum. Sɛ wɔbɛhwehwɛ dementia ankasa, ɛnyɛ ntease mmuaeɛ nko, ɛsɛ sɛ nhwehwɛmu no yɛ mfe pii, na nnipa pii nso wɔ mu.
• Nhwehwɛmu pii hwehwɛ ntease mmuaeɛ. Ntease kakra a ɛyɛ yie nkyerɛ ɛnyɛ sɛ nnipa bɛba dementia ɛnnu anaa sɛ nkwa bɛyɛ mmerɛw.
• Nnipa a wɔpɛ sɛ wɔboa wɔn no yɛ mmerɛw sen nnipa a wɔwɔ wiase so nyinaa, na wɔn adesua yɛ pa. Lancet Commission ka sɛ nhwehwɛmu pii fi aman a wɔnya sikasɛm pa mu, na aman a ɛnyɛ mmerɛw no nnipa nnyɛ kɛse.
• Nnipa bi nso betumi aka ho ahwɛ ne nea eba. Sɛ wɔnyɛ adwuma kakra anaa wɔne afoforo nnkasa mmoa a, ebia ɛyɛ dementia nhwɛso a ɛreba ansa na ɛreba, na ɛnyɛ nea ɛde ba nko.
• Aduane nhwehwɛmu nni mmuaeɛ pa kɔsi nnɛ. Mfe abiɛsa nhwehwɛmu a wɔyɛe wɔ MIND diet ho huu sɛ nsɛnkyerɛnne ne nsɛnkyerɛnne a wɔde hwɛ ho nni nsonsonoe kɛse sɛ wɔsɛ ne nea wɔde ma wɔn a wɔnnyae. Hwɛ yɛn aduane nkyerɛaseɛ.
• Adwene adwuma nhoma nnnim sɛ ɛbɛma dementia ansi. Hwɛ yɛn nkyerɛaseɛ wɔ adwene adwuma ne dementia ho.
• Nnɛ a wɔnni ho adanse pii wɔ nnipa mu. Ɛsɛ sɛ wohwɛ yɛn nnɛ nkyerɛaseɛ, na ebetumi ayɛ basaa ma nnipa a wɔyɛ mmerɛw.

Sɛ obi yɛe nea ɛteɛ nyinaa a, adɛn nti na ɔnyaa dementia?

Efisɛ dementia nyɛ nea ɛfiri nkuran mu nko. NIA ka sɛ mfe ne Alzheimer’s asiane a ɛsen biara, na obi ntumi nsakra no. Agyanom mu nneɛma nso yɛ ho adwuma. Asayɛfoɔ nnim pɛpɛɛpɛ sɛnea Alzheimer’s bɛba nnipa pii mu. Ɛwom sɛ wɔyii nsɛnkyerɛnne 14 no nyinaa firii mu a, Lancet Commission mmuaeɛ ankasa ma nsɛm a ɛyɛ abien fã nni ase.

Enti sɛ wohwɛ obi a ɔyɛe adwuma, ɔdiee aduane yiye, ɔnnyaa tiri, nanso ɔnyaa dementia a, ɛnyɛ sɛ biribiara bɔɔ ne ho anaa wo ho bɔne. Sɛ wo ankasa wo dementia a, ɛnyɛ wo mfomso. Abusuafoɔ bebree de ntɔboa nam so, nanso ɛnyɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔde ma wɔn. Nea ɛho hia seesei ne ahomegyedi, nkitahodie, ne anigye nna, na yɛn adwene a yɛde ma nnwuma ne caregiver self-care guide yɛ beaeɛ a ɛyɛ pa a wobɛfi ase.

Dɛn na wubetumi akasa ne dokota ho?

Eyi yɛ mmaa a wɔsusuw wɔn kɛse. Ɛsɛ sɛ wokasa ho wɔ nhwɛso bere mu efisɛ ɛboa wɔn mu dodow ma wo kɔm, ahoɔden ne ahoyeɛ, wɔ nea ɛbɛba wɔ dementia ho nsɛm nyinaa mu.

1. Mogya kwan. Bisa sɛ wo nɔma yɛ dɛn ne kwan a ɛfata wo ara ne deɛ. Lancet Commission ka sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ mogya kwan no ba 130 anaa ase wɔ mfe 40, nanso kwan a ɛfata mfe a ɛakyi nnipa ho gyina wɔn ahoɔden nyinaa so.
2. Tie. Bisa sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ wo tie, na tie aboa anaa. Yɛn tie nkyerɛaseɛ kyerɛkyerɛ nhwehwɛmu no.
3. Ani. Hwɛ wo ani mprɛnsɛ, na bisa sɛ nsɛm te sɛ cataracts betumi ayɛ ayaresa.
4. Kolesterol. Bisa sɛ wɔbɛhwɛ wo LDL kolesterol na sɛ ɛsɛ sɛ ɛsakra anaa.
5. Mogya suga. Sɛ wowɔ ɔshuga a, bisa akwan a wobɛfa so ahwɛ no yiye.
6. Ti. Awerɛhow ba ɛtɔ so, na ɛyɛ yare a wɔbɛtumi asa. Ka kyerɛ wo dokota sɛ woahu sɛ wo tiri aba fam anaa woamfa wʼanigye nneyɛe biara nni, mfe nnan a ɛboro nnaawɔtwe.
7. Ti sɛ ɔtaa ne nsã. Bisa sɛ wobetumi aboa wo ma wo ntɔ ti sɛ ɛbɛyɛ den anaa wɔ nsã a ɛyɛ ɛfata ho.
8. Nnuane. Bisa sɛ nnuane bɛn na ɛfata wo. Yɛn nkyerɛaseɛ wɔ nnuane ho wɔ adwene bebree.
9. Ti ho ban. Fa tiri ban a ɛyɛ bɔne wɔ akɔ ne nneɛma a wɔka ho wɔ mu, na bisa afa ho sɛnea wobɛtumi ahwɛ kwan sɛ wobɛhwe fam.
10. Ka ho. Nnipa a wɔne wɔn ka ho yɛ asetena a ɛyɛ mmerɛw. Hwɛ yɛn nkyerɛaseɛ a ɛfa abusuaka ne afoforo ho, ne sleep nso.

Ansa na wobɛsesa nnuro, aduane, nnuane, nnuane anaa nnuane, kasa ne dokota ho ansa, titiriw sɛ wowɔ yare a ɛfa ti ho, ɔshuga, nnipa a wɔwɔ akwan a wɔhwe fam, anaa wɔ dementia dedaw.

Kasa ne dokota

Sɛ wohu sɛ wo tirimuden anaa adwene nsakrae a ɛyɛ wo, anaa obi foforo, ɛsɛ sɛ wohyɛ bere a wobɛhwe no. NIA ka sɛ tirimuden nsɛm betumi aba fi afoforo mu, te sɛ nnuro a ɛsɛe, tiri ahyɛnkɔ, awerɛhow anaa vitamin B12 a ɛnteɛ, na ɛbɛyɛ nkwa sɛ wɔsa yare no. Yɛn nsɛnkyerɛnne a ɛfa nsɛnkyerɛnne ho kyerɛkyerɛ nea ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ.

Hwehwɛ mmoa ntɛm sɛ nsakrae a ɛba ntɛm: adwene a ɛsɛe ntɛm, ɔfa a ɛyɛ den anaa ɛnnyɛ anaa wɔ fam baako so, kasa a ɛyɛ den, anaa tiri a ɛyɛ den a ɛtɔ mu, betumi ayɛ ɔsɔre anaa afoforo a ɛyɛ basaa. Frɛ 112.

Golden Moments wɔ baabi bɛn?

Golden Moments yɛ nnwuma a ɛyɛ mmerɛw a nnipa nyinaa betumi ayɛ, te sɛ nkasa kaadi, picture bingo ne ahome mmerɛ mu nhome ho nnuane. Wɔyɛ ma anigye ne bere a wobɛfa ho. Ɛnyɛ ayaresa, na wɔnnyɛ dementia ansi anaa ɛma ɛnkɔ ntɛm.