Adwene Agodie Ebesiw Dementia? Nhwehwɛmu No Kyerɛ Dɛn

Kɔmputa adwene agodie wɔ hɔ ɛnneɛ, na bi ka sɛ ɛbɛma wo adwene ntena yie. Sɛ wo ne obi a ɔwɔ dementia di nkɔsoɔ anaa wo ara wo ho hu sɛ wo nkaeɛ nkɔ so, ɛyɛ nea ɛba wo adwene mu sɛ ebia saa agodie yi boa. Ɛnne yɛbɛka nhwehwɛmu no nneɛma a ɛwɔ hɔ, nea ɛyɛ anigye ne nea ɛnyɛ saa.

Eyi yɛ amanneɛ a ɛfa ayaresa ho nkyerɛ mo, na ɛnyɛ ayaresafoɔ afotu. Hwɛ yɛn ayaresa kyerɛkyerɛ.

Adwene agodie ebesiw dementia anaa?

Adwene agodie biara remmɔ dementia ano. US National Institute on Aging (NIA) kyerɛkyerɛ nnipa sɛ wonhwɛ yie wɔ nkɔmhyɛ a ɛka sɛ kɔmputa ne intaanɛt agodie tumi ma nkaeɛ yɛ den, na ɔka sɛ nhwehwɛmu nni so sɛ kɔmputa adwene agodie biara a wɔtɔn no tumi ara te sɛ nhwehwɛmu mu adwene nhyehyɛe (NIA on preventing Alzheimer’s).

Saa nso nkyerɛ sɛ agodie yɛ hwee. Ɛkyerɛ sɛ ne mfaso ne anigye, abusuabɔ ne nhyehyɛe, na ɛnyɛ sɛ ɛbɛbɔ obi ho ban afi dementia ho.

Dɛn ne “near transfer”, na ɛdɛn nti na ɛho hia?

Sɛ wosua adwuma bi yiye a, wobɛyɛ no yie. Nhwehwɛfoɔ frɛ yei training effect. Nea ɛyɛ ɔsɔre ne sɛ, ɛsɛ sɛ nneɛma a wɔsua no no baa adwuma a ɛte saa anaa nnɛyɛe a yɛyɛ da biara mu (far transfer) mu.

Afe 2016 mu nsɛmfua a ɛkɔ akyiri bi, nhwehwɛfoɔ hwehwɛɛ nhwehwɛmu a adwene agodie kuw kyerɛɛ sɛ ɛyɛ wɔn nsɛm titiriw. Wɔhunuu sɛ nnipa tumi yɛ nneɛma a wɔsuaa no yie, nanso nsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ saa tumi no kɔ nneɛma a ɛtɔ mu no yɛ kakra, na nsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ adwene agodie boa nnipa ma wɔte nneɛma a yɛte da biara ase no nni hɔ. Nhwehwɛmu bebree nso nni nhyehyɛe a ɛma ɛyɛ den sɛ yɛbɛka nsɛm pefee (Simons and colleagues, Psychological Science in the Public Interest).

Nsɛm bɛn na nhwehwɛmu no ka faa kɔmputa adwene so nhyehyɛe ho?

Cochrane nhwehwɛmu, a ɛboa ma wɔbɔ nhwehwɛmu a ɛwɔ hɔ ano, ahwehwɛ kɔmputa adwene so nhyehyɛe a ɛkɔɔ so bere a ɛyɛ nkɔsoɔ 12:

• Nnipa a wɔnnyɛ dementia a wɔn mfe yɛ 65 anaa ɛboro saa: nhwehwɛmu 8 a nnipa 1,183 wɔ mu. Nsɛm no yɛ tiaa anaa ɛyɛ sɛ tiaa paa. Ebia ɛboa kakraa bi bere a wɔwie adwene so nhyehyɛe no, nanso nsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛtena so no nni hɔ (Cochrane review, healthy older adults).
• Nnipa a wɔwɔ adwene nkaeɛ kakraa: nhwehwɛmu 8 a nnipa 660 wɔ mu. Nhwehwɛmu biara amma yɛnim sɛ nnipa no bɛyɛ dementia anaa, na nsɛm no yɛ tiaa sɛ ɛbɛma yɛbɛtumi aka nsusuwii (Cochrane review, mild cognitive impairment).

ACTIVE nhwehwɛmu huu dɛn?

ACTIVE yɛ US nhwehwɛmu kɛse a ɛfii ase afe 1998 wɔ nnipa 2,802 a wɔn mfe yɛ 65 anaa ɛboro saa, a wɔte wɔn ara ase, na adwene nkaeɛ anaa adwene nsɛm kɛse nni wɔn so. Wɔkyɛɛ nnipa no kɛkɛ wɔ ntɛmntɛm adwene nhyehyɛe mu mmiensa (nneɛma a wɔhwɛ ntɛmntɛm, nkaebɔ, anaa adwene nhwehwɛ) mu biako, anaa wɔde wɔn sɛ wɔnnyɛ hwee. Nhyehyɛe no yɛ mmɔden bebree wɔ nnanan kɔsi nnawɔtwe abien anaa abiɛsa mu. Nnipa a wɔwiee nhyehyɛe no mu sɛɛ ara no, wɔfrɛɛ wɔn bio wɔ mmerɛ bi ase afe baako ne mmiensa so mmoa.

Ntɛmntɛm adwene nhyehyɛe no kyerɛɛ sɛ wɔhwɛ nneɛma a ɛbɛba ntɛm kakraa, na nea ɛwɔ mu no tɔ so ɛkɔ so sɛnea nnipa no yɛ yie no.

Afe 2026 mu no, nhwehwɛfoɔ de nnipa 2,021 a wɔpaw ho no ne Medicare nsɛm toto afe 20 mu (ACTIVE 20-year analysis). Eyi ne nea wohu:

• Ntɛmntɛm adwene nhyehyɛe ne mmoa baako anaa sen saa: dementia a wɔkyerɛɛ wɔn no bɛba wɔn mu kɔɔ fam sen nnipa a wɔnnyɛɛ hwee (hazard ratio 0.75, a ɛkyerɛ sɛ ɛyɛ 25% fam).
• Ntɛmntɛm adwene nhyehyɛe a wɔnnyɛ mmoa: dementia nsɛm kɔɔ fam ase.
• Nkaebɔ anaa adwene nhwehwɛ nhyehyɛe: nsɛm a ɛkyerɛ sɛ dementia nsɛm wɔ ntɛmntɛm mu nni hɔ.
• Nhyehyɛe mmoa nyinaa bere a wɔbɔ wɔn ne nnipa a wɔnnyɛɛ hwee: ɛyɛ sɛ dementia kɔɔ fam kakra, nanso ɛnyɛ nea ɛda so pefee.

Nsɛm a ɛde ntease

• Ɛfa ntɛmntɛm adwene nhyehyɛe a wɔhwɛ so, a wɔyɛ mmoa, bi nkutoo, na ɛnyɛ kɔmputa adwene agodie nyinaa.
• Nsɛm a ɛyɛ titiriw no fi nnipa kakraa bi mu (nnipa a wɔwiee nhyehyɛe mfiase no mu bebree na wɔfrɛɛ wɔn bio), na ɛnyɛ nnipa nyinaa a wɔwɔ ntɛmntɛm mu.
• Wɔhwehwɛɛ dementia de diagnosis codes wɔ Medicare nsɛm mu, na ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔhwɛɛ obiara ankasa. Nnipa a ɛyɛ ebe anan wɔ mpɛnsa no mu no, wɔyiyii wɔn fii nhwehwɛmu no mu, efisɛ Medicare Advantage nsɛm no nnya nsɛm nyinaa.
• Nnipa a wɔyɛɛ nhwehwɛmu no ankasa no, adwene nsɛm kɛse nni wɔn so bere a ɛrehyɛ ase. Nsɛm a ɛfiri nhwehwɛmu yi mu no nka nnipa a dementia wɔ wɔn so dedaw ho hwee.

Ɛyɛ nsɛm a ɛyɛ anigye na ɛsɛ sɛ wɔhwehwɛ mu bio, nanso ɛnyɛ adwene agodie biara ara bɛbɔ dementia ban.

FTC kyerɛɛ dɛn wɔ Lumosity ho?

Afe 2016 mu January, Lumos Labs a ɔyɛ Lumosity no pene sɛ ɛde $2 million bɛtua US Federal Trade Commission (FTC) asɛmmisa a ɛfa nkɔsɔfoɔ ho. FTC kyerɛɛ sɛ kompani no kaa sɛ ne agodie tumi boa adwuma ne sukuu mu, na ɛbɛma ɛbɛyɛ nsɛm a ɛfa bere ne dementia ho, na nhwehwɛmu a ɛyɛ nokware nni hɔ ma wɔka saa nsɛm no. Atemmuo no hia sɛ kompani no hwehwɛ nhwehwɛmu a ɛyɛ nokware ansa na wɔaka saa nsɛm no bio (FTC press release).

Nkyerɛkyerɛ ma abusuafoɔ ne sɛ, sɛ agodie, app anaa nhyehyɛe bi ka sɛ ɛbɛbɔ adwene ban anaa ɛbɛsiw dementia ano a, fa ahobrɛaseɛ hwɛ.

Agodie tumi boa obi a wɔwɔ dementia dedaw anaa?

Ɛtumi ma da bi ayɛ yie, na ɛho hia paa. Adwene so nhyehyɛe a nhwehwɛmu ahwehwɛ yie ara ne cognitive stimulation: nnipa a wɔpɛ ne wɔn ho yɛ anigye wɔ kuw mu, te sɛ nkɔkɔaseɛ, nkaebɔ, nsɛmfua agodie, nneɛma a ɛboa adwene ne nnwom, a ɛda so yɛ wɔ mmoa kakra mu, na ɔkyerɛkyerɛfoɔ bi na ɔdi so.

Afe 2023 Cochrane nhwehwɛmu a ɛfa nhwehwɛmu 37 a nnipa 2,766 a wɔwɔ mfe kakra kɔsi mfe kɛse mu dementia wɔ mu ho no kyerɛɛ sɛ (Cochrane review of cognitive stimulation):

• adwene nsɛm kakra a ɛboa kakraa bi, a ɛkɔ so kakraa (nhwehwɛmu a ɛyɛ mmerɛ so);
• ɛboa paa wɔ nkasa ne nkɔmmɔ mu (nhwehwɛmu a ɛyɛ nokware so, nanso ɛwɔ nhwehwɛmu kakra mu);
• nnɛyɛe kakra ma nkwa ne anigye, asetena ne ɔkwan a wɔfa so te (ɛboa kakraa bi).

Nnɛyɛe no kyerɛɛ sɛ ɛboaa bere a ɛyɛ nkɔsoɔ 10 a ɛdi kan, na nhwehwɛmu kakra pɛ na wɔhwehwɛɛ sɛ ɛtena so. Cognitive stimulation yɛ kuw mu nhyehyɛe a wɔhyehyɛ, enti nsɛm yi nnyɛ sɛ ɛte ase sɛ ɛbɛyɛ ma obi a ɔrekyinkyin agodie ankasa wɔ tablet so.

Afe 2024 Lancet Commission nso ka sɛ nnwuma a ɛma nnipa a wɔwɔ dementia wɔ anigye ne botaeɛ ho ho hia (Lancet Commission).

Dɛn na agodie yɛ yie ma?

Sɛ wopɛ yie a, agodie tumi:

• Ma anigye. Anigye bere kakra yɛ ho mfaso ankasa.
• Ma wo ne obi abɔ abusuabɔ. Sɛ wo ne obi di agodie no ho wɔ mpɛnsa a, ɛbɛyɛ ɔkwan a ɛyɛ mmerɛ sɛ wobɛka ho asɛm bere a nkasa yɛ den. Hwɛ sɛnea wobɛdi agodie mu wɔ hɔ.
• Ma nnɛyɛe a yɛyɛ da biara wɔ hɔ. Agodie a wɔyɛ bere koro so da biara, bere koro so, bɛma ahoɔfɛ.
• Ma ahotɔ. Nneɛma a ɛfata nea obi tumi yɛ yie ma obi tumi ka ne ho ahotɔ, a ɛnyɛ sɛ wɔbɔ no ho ɔkwan.
• Ma nkasa ne ɔkasa. Ɔfɛ anaa abɛ a ɔnnim ne nkyerɛaseɛ bɛtumi abue asɛm. Sɛ wopɛ a, hwehwɛ nkasa kaadi anaa finish the saying.

Nneɛma a ɛsɛ sɛ wosie: bere a wɔde reka, nkontaabu, nsɛnnennen, ne nneɛma a ɛma ɛte sɛ adwene nhwehwɛmu. Sɛ obi no ho hyɛ no den a, gyae. Gyae ntɛm anaa sɛ wotena bom no, ɛyɛ nea ɛyɛ yie. Yɛn sɛnea wobɛpaw apps ne agodie kyerɛw no wɔ mu.

Golden Moments wɔ baabi a ɛfata

Golden Moments agodie, te sɛ picture pairs, picture puzzle ne large-print word search, yɛ de ma anigye ne bere a wɔde bɛka bom. Wɔnni bere ne nkontaabu. Wɔnyɛ ayaresa, na wɔnnyɛ dementia ebesiw ano anaa ɛnsɛ ne nantew. Yɛpɛ sɛ yɛka eyi kyerɛ mo pefee sen sɛ yɛbɛka nneɛma a agodie biara ntumi nyɛ.

Ka ho asɛm ne ɔyarefoɔ

Sɛ wowɔ suro sɛ adwene bɛsesa wo ankasa anaa obi a wodi ne nkɔsoɔ, hwehwɛ ɔyarefoɔ, na mma wo nkyɛn app no nko ara. Ɔyarefoɔ bɛtumi ahwehwɛ nneɛma a wɔbɛtumi aba ase na ɔbɛkyerɛkyerɛ mo nhyehyɛe a ɛwɔ nhwehwɛmu a ɛyɛ nokware mu, te sɛ mogya kɔ so ne ntease ahwehwɛ. Hwɛ Can dementia be prevented? ma nsɛm a ɛsɔ mu. Sɛ wodi nsɛnnennen anaa nsakrae a ɛba ntɛm mu, hwehwɛ ayaresa ntɛm.