Ukuzivocavoca Nempilo Yobuchopho: Lokho Okushiwo Ucwaningo

Ukunyakaza komzimba kungenye yemikhuba efundwe kakhulu ocwaningweni lwempilo yobuchopho. Izifundo ziyihlobanisa nobungozi obuphansi be-dementia, kodwa azikafakazeli ukuthi ukuzivocavoca kuvimbela i-dementia. Okucacile wukuthi ukunyakaza kusiza amandla, ukulinganisela, isimo sengqondo nokulala eminyakeni yonke. Leli khasi lichaza lokho okushiwo ucwaningo, ukuthi abantu asebekhulile bakhuthazwa ukuthi benze kangakanani, nezindlela ezithambile zokunyakaza nomuntu ophila ne-dementia.

Ingabe ukuzivocavoca kunciphisa ubungozi be-dementia?

Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi abantu abanyakaza ngokwenele abayithola kancane i-dementia, kodwa ubufakazi bunemikhawulo. I-Lancet Commission yango-2024 ku-dementia ibala ukungenzi lutho komzimba njengesinye sezinto ezingu-14 ezibeka engozini ezingashintshwa. Ngokuhlanganyela, lezi zinto ezingu-14 zibangela cishe amaphesenti angu-45 e-dementia emhlabeni wonke kumodeli yayo.

Nakhu ukuthi ubufakazi bubukeka kanjani:

• Izifundo zokubuka zikhomba ngohlangothi olulodwa. Ukubuyekezwa kwezifundo ezingu-58, okuxoxwe ngakho yi-Commission, kwathola ukuthi abantu abanyakaza ngokwenele banobungozi obuphansi cishe ngamaphesenti angu-20 be-dementia. Umehluko omkhulu wawuphakathi kwabantu ababengenzi lutho nhlobo nalabo ababenza okungenani okuthile.
• Ukuhlobana kungahamba ngezindlela zombili. I-Commission iphawula ukuthi ukungenzi lutho kungakhuphula ubungozi. Iphinde iphawule ukuthi izinguquko zokuqala zobuchopho ze-dementia, eziqala iminyaka ngaphambi kokutholwa, zingenza abantu banyakaze kancane.
• Izivivinyo azicacile kangako. Esivivinyweni esisodwa, abantu asebekhulile abangu-945 abaneminyaka engu-78 ngokwesilinganiso bahlukaniswa ukuze benze iminyaka emihlanu yokuzivocavoca okuqondiswa kabili ngeviki noma baye eqenjini lokuqhathanisa. Ekupheleni, amakhono okucabanga awazange ahluke ngokucacile phakathi kwamaqembu. Abantu abaningi eqenjini lokuqhathanisa babenyakaza nabo, okwenza umphumela ube nzima ukuwuchaza.

I-National Institute on Aging (NIA) ikubeka ngokucacile. Akukabonisiwe ukuhlobana okucacile phakathi komsebenzi womzimba nokuvimbela i-Alzheimer’s, futhi akukho bufakazi obwanele bezivivinyo bokuthi ukuzivocavoca kuyivimbela noma kuyehlisa isivinini sayo. Ukuzivocavoca kusanciphisa ubungozi bokuwa, ukudangala, isifo sikashukela, umfutho wegazi ophakeme ne-stroke. Ezinye zalezo zimo zihlobene nazo ngokuncipha kwekhono lokucabanga.

Iseluleko esiqotho ngukunyakaza ngoba kukusiza uzizwe futhi usebenze kangcono namuhla. Noma yiyiphi inzuzo ebuchosheni ingaba yisibonelelo esingase sibe khona, hhayi isithembiso.

Abantu asebekhulile badinga umsebenzi omningi kangakanani?

Isiqondiso se-CDC sabantu abadala abaneminyaka engu-65 nangaphezulu siphakamisa izinhlobo ezintathu zomsebenzi evikini ngalinye:

Lezi yizinhloso, hhayi izidingo zokungena. I-CDC ithi uma ningakwazi ukuzifinyelela, kufanele nenze ngokusho kwamandla nempilo yenu. Okuncane kungcono kunalutho.

Izindlela ezithambile zokunyakaza kubantu asebekhulile

• Hambani nenkampani. Uhambo lwansuku zonke nomngani, umakhelwane noma iqembu lokuhamba lengeza ingxoxo nokuphepha.
• Ukuzivocavoca esihlalweni. Ukuphakamisa izingalo uhleli, ukuzungezisa amaqakala, ukunyathela endaweni eyodwa ne-yoga yesihlalo kwakha amandla ngaphandle kobungozi bokulinganisela.
• Dansani ekhishini. Dlalani umculo wesikhathi sobusha bomuntu bese nigudluka, nitshaya noma nihamba. Umhlahlandlela wethu wemisebenzi yomculo unemibono.
• Amandla ngezinto zasendlini. Phakamisani amabhodlela agcwele amanzi noma amathini esobho nibuka uhlelo oluthandekayo.
• Ingadi noma imisebenzi yasendlini. Ukunisela izitshalo, ukukhuhla amaqabunga, ukukhukhula nokusonga izingubo ezigeziwe konke kuyabalwa. Buka imisebenzi yangaphandle nengadi kanye nemisebenzi yasendlini.
• Ukuzivocavoca emanzini. I-NIA ibala amakilasi e-aerobics yasemanzini njengesinye sezinketho zabantu abathola ukuzivocavoca emhlabathini kunzima ezingxenyeni zabo.

Indlela yokuzivocavoca nomuntu ophila ne-dementia

Kumuntu ophila ne-dementia, inhloso iwukuphumula, injabulo nokugcina amakhono ansuku zonke, hhayi ukufinyelela inombolo. I-NIA ithi umsebenzi womzimba usiza ukugcina imisipha, amalunga nenhliziyo yomuntu one-Alzheimer’s isesimeni esihle, futhi ungathuthukisa isimo sengqondo nokulala. Buzani udokotela wakhe ngaphambi kokuqala umkhuba omusha. Izeluleko ezivela kumhlahlandlela we-NIA wabanakekeli zihlanganisa:

1. Hambani ndawonye nsuku zonke. Khethani indlela evikelekile, ejwayelekile ngaphandle kwezithiyo. Uma umuntu ehamba eyedwa, isongo lesandla elinenombolo yakho yocingo liwumqondo omuhle.
2. Zamani amavidiyo okuzivocavoca abantu asebekhulile. Landelani ndawonye, nihleli noma nimi.
3. Gcinani izikhathi zifushane. Ukuzivocavoca okufushane okuningana “okuncane” kungasebenza kangcono kunokukodwa okude.
4. Engezani umculo. Izingoma ezijwayelekile zenza ukunyakaza kuzwakale njengomsebenzi, hhayi umthwalo. Dansani uma umuntu ekujabulela.
5. Nikezani amanzi nezicathulo ezikhululekile. Nikezani amanzi noma ujusi ngesikhathi nangemva kokuzivocavoca, futhi nikhethe izingubo ezikhululekile nezicathulo ezifanele kahle ezenzelwe ukuzivocavoca.

Uma ukuhamba kunzima, umhlahlandlela we-NIA wokunakekela umuntu one-Alzheimer’s uphakamisa okukhethwa kukho kokuhlala. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuzivocavoca esihlalweni noma i-yoga, ukuphonsa izikhwama zobhontshisi, ukuphonsa ibhola elithambile noma ibhaluni, amabhande okwelula, ukuphakamisa izinto zasendlini ezilula, nezinsiza zokuzivocavoca ngamapedali. Imisebenzi elula njengokukhukhula nokwesula uthuli nayo iyabalwa.

Qiniseni ngalokho ukunyakaza okungakwenza. I-Lancet Commission ayizange ithole bufakazi bokuthi ukuzivocavoca kunciphisa izinguquko zokuziphatha ezifana nokuphazamiseka. Nyakazani ndawonye ngoba kungazwakala kuhle, hhayi njengendlela yokulungisa intambama enzima. Uma umuntu ethi cha, kulungile. Umhlahlandlela wethu wokuthi uma bethi cha unezindlela ezithambile zokuzama futhi kamuva. Ukuphela ngaphambi kwesikhathi, noma ukuhlala ngaphandle ndawonye, kuyisiphetho esihle futhi.

Ngemva kokunyakaza, ukuma kancane okuthule njengokuthi Ukuphefumula Okuthulile kungasiza nobabili nizizwe nithule. Emsebenzini wokuhlala onokunyakaza kwengalo okuthambile, Hlungani Ndawonye ne-Bingo Yezithombe kusebenza kahle etafuleni.

Ukulinganisela nokuphepha ekuweni

Ukuwa kuvamile futhi kuyingozi. I-CDC iyabika ukuthi abantu asebekhulile abangaphezu komunye kwabane bawa unyaka ngamunye, kodwa bangaphansi kwengxenye abatshela udokotela wabo. Ukuwa kanye kwenza amathuba okuwa futhi aphindeke kabili. Izinto ezibeka engozini i-CDC ezibalayo zihlanganisa:

• Ubuthakathaka emilenzeni nasezinqeni
• Ubunzima bokuhamba nokulinganisela
• Eminye imithi, kuhlanganise imithi yokuthulisa (sedatives) neminye imithi yokudangala (antidepressants)
• Izinkinga zokubona
• Ubuhlungu bonyawo noma izicathulo ezingafanele
• Izingozi ekhaya ezifana nezinto ezihlakazekile, amakhaphethi amancane nezitebhisi ezephukile

Ukuze nilulame ngokuphepha:

• Sebenzisani isihlalo esiqinile esingenamasondo, futhi nigcine ikhawunta noma ujantshi usondele ekuzivocaveni okumile.
• Qalani ngokususa amakhaphethi, izintambo nezinto ezihlakazekile endaweni.
• Vukani kancane, futhi nime uma umuntu ezwa isiyezi noma engazinzile.
• Gqokani izicathulo ezisekelayo, hhayi amasokisi noma izicathulo ezikhululekile kakhulu.
• Zivocavoceni ukulinganisela eduze kwesisekelo. Ukuvuka esihlalweni nokuhamba isithende siye ezinzwaneni yizibonelo ze-CDC zemisebenzi yokulinganisela.

I-CDC iyeluleka ukuthi umuntu osekhulile owayo futhi eshaya ikhanda kufanele abone udokotela masinyane, ikakhulukazi uma ethatha imithi yokuncibilikisa igazi (blood thinners).

Khulumani nodokotela

Buzani udokotela ngaphambi kokuqala umkhuba omusha wokuzivocavoca, ikakhulukazi kumuntu onezinkinga zenhliziyo noma zamaphaphu, ubuhlungu bamalunga, izinkinga zokulinganisela, noma i-dementia. Udokotela noma i-physiotherapist ingaphakamisa imisebenzi evikelekile futhi ihlole ukuthi imithi iyalithinta yini ukulinganisela. Tshelani udokotela ngokuwa kwanoma yikuphi, ngisho noma kungenayo ingozi. Uma okuthile kuyabuhlungu noma kuzwakala kungalungile ngesikhathi sokuzivocavoca, misani. Ngobuhlungu obuzumayo esifubeni, ubunzima bokuphefumula, noma ukudideka okuzumayo, shayelani inombolo yezimo eziphuthumayo yendawo yakini.

Leli khasi liwulwazi olujwayelekile, hhayi iseluleko sezokwelapha. Buka isaziso sethu sezempilo. Ukuze nibone isithombe esikhulu, funda lokho okushiwo ucwaningo ngezinto ezibeka engozini ze-dementia kanye nokuthi i-dementia ingavinjwa yini.